O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/13 · May/June 2016 · Q525 Marks

Study Fig. 7, which shows information about world energy production. State the amount of energy produced by nuclear power in 2015. quadrillion Btu

(a)(i)Study Fig. 7, which shows information about world energy production. State the amount of energy produced by nuclear power in 2015. quadrillion Btu[1]
(a)(ii)Which form of energy production: – increased most rapidly between 2000 and 2015; – is estimated to double between 2010 and 2035?[2]
(a)(iii)Describe three problems of relying on fossil fuels, such as oil, coal and natural gas, as sources of energy.[3]
(a)(iv)Describe two benefits and two problems of using nuclear power as a source of energy. Benefit 1 Benefit 2 Problem 1 Problem 2[4]
(b)(i)Study Fig. 8, which shows the location of proposed new offshore wind turbines in part of north east USA. Describe the location of the proposed new offshore wind turbines shown in Fig. 8.[3]
(b)(ii)Explain why people living in Cape Cod are likely to have contrasting opinions about the proposed offshore wind turbines.[5]
(c)For an example you have studied, describe and explain the location of an industry. You should choose an example from manufacturing, processing, assembly or high technology industry. Type of industry Location[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2016). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a) (i) 34-35
[2] (ii) Coal; Renewables. 2 @ 1 mark
[3] (iii) Ideas such as: takes millions of years to make/they are non-renewable/may become exhausted/ run out; increasing/fluctuating costs; costs of transport/extraction are high; they pollute the atmosphere/give off greenhouse gases/carbon dioxide; fears over global warming; cause acid rain, etc. 3 @ 1 mark
[4] (iv) Ideas such as: Benefits such as: low production cost; no air pollution/greenhouse gases/global warming/no emissions/no gases; small amounts of raw materials/uranium required/will last a long time/produce large amount of energy from small amounts of uranium/little amount of raw material. Problems such as: construction costs are high/decommissioning costs are high; worries over radiation/reactor meltdown/concerns over cancers or mutations; storage/disposal of waste is not easy/radioactive waste produced; land cannot be used after closure for many years, etc. NB: Reserve 2 marks on each of benefits/problems. 4 @ 1 mark
[3] (b) (i) Ideas such as: SE/SW/South of Cape Cod; NW/North of Nantucket Island; off south east (coast) of Massachusetts; 10 km from Cape Cod; in Nantucket Sound; NE of Martha's vineyard, etc. NB: Need to name a place/feature and give direction and/or distance from it. 3 @ 1 mark
[5] (ii) Ideas such as: Opponents will argue: there is a visual impact/turbines can be seen for many miles; hotel owners may be worried about loss of tourism/impact on water sports; birds flying into turbines/kill birds; marine ecosystems disrupted by construction; possible disruption to shipping; fishing industry problems; only small amount of energy can be generated in relation to initial cost; energy will only be generated when wind is blowing; construction costs are expensive; problems during construction or examples, etc. Supporters will argue: low cost electricity once constructed; non-polluting form of energy; creation of employment for construction/maintenance; away from land so no noise pollution; renewable/sustainable electricity produced; windier offshore than on land, etc. NB: Reserve 1 mark for opponents/supporters. 5 @ 1 mark or development
[7] (c) Levels marking; Level 1 (1–3 marks) Statements including limited detail which describe and/or explain the location of industry. Level 2 (4–6 marks) Uses named example. More developed statements which explain the location of industry. NB: Max 5 if no named or inappropriate example. Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements, which describe and explain the location of industry, including some place specific reference. Content Guide: Answers could refer to: raw materials; market; power supplies; communications; inertia; workforce, etc. Place specific reference is likely to consist of: locational details, specific details of industry, named/numbered roads, etc.