O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/12 · May/June 2016 · Q625 Marks

(a) Study Fig. 9, which shows information about economic activities and threats to the natural environment. [Figure 9]

(a)(i)What is meant by visual pollution?[1]
(a)(ii)Suggest two ways in which agriculture may cause soil erosion.[2]
(a)(iii)Name three different economic activities shown in Fig. 9 and explain how each one may pollute water.[3]
(a)(iv)Explain how the economic activities shown in Fig. 9 may cause global warming.[4]
(b)Study Fig. 10, which shows advice about conservation of natural resources. [Figure 10]
(b)(i)Explain how following the advice given in Fig. 10 can help to conserve natural resources.[3]
(b)(ii)Explain the importance of conserving natural resources and the natural environment.[5]
(c)For a named country or area you have studied, describe how energy is supplied. Name of country[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2016). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] Something which spoils the beauty of the landscape/an eyesore/pollution that is visible to the eye/pollution you can see/makes the landscape look unsightly. 1 mark (1)
[2] Ideas such as: deforestation/clearance of vegetation; overgrazing; leaving areas of land fallow; ploughing up and down the slope; monoculture/overcultivation. 2@1 mark (2)
[3] Ideas such as: manufacturing: disposal of (toxic) waste by manufacturing industry/dirty or waste water; transport: oil spills from tanker accidents/washing out fuel tanks/fuel spills; power stations: return of hot water to rivers from power stations/radioactive water to sea from nuclear power stations; agriculture: runoff of fertilizers/pesticides from farmland/animal waste or slurry, etc. NB: Do not double credit. Three distinct ideas needed. Acid rain would be OK for all three but again, no double credit please. No mark for the economic activity but candidates must name an economic activity. 3 @ 1 mark (3)
[4] Ideas such as: fumes from burning of fossil fuels or coal; clearance of vegetation; gives off carbon dioxide/greenhouse gases; carbon dioxide cannot be converted to oxygen; methane from grazing/rice paddies; greenhouse gases/carbon dioxide build-up in atmosphere; sun's rays pass through the layer of gases; but are trapped/cannot escape, etc. 4 @ 1 mark (4)
[3] Uses fewer resources/less demand for resources or example/there are fewer resources wasted; saves resources for the future; can use resources again/make more use; resources last longer; saves energy; waste products become useful. NB: Repeat of the three words is OK as long as in context. 3 @ 1 mark (3)
[5] Ideas including factors such as: many are non-renewable/will run out/are finite; life in future would not be possible without clean water; life in future would not be possible without clean air; life in future would not be possible without land for cultivation; protecting habitats; conserving natural environment will ensure ecosystems remain in balance; species do not become extinct/animals do not die; to prevent global warming, acid rain, desertification, etc. (МАХ 1); creates conflict/civil unrest; forests act as carbon sinks. NB: Candidates can develop the global warming, acid rain, desertification, etc. line to MAX 1. 5 @ 1 mark or development (5)
[7] Levels marking Level 1 [1-3 marks] Statements including limited detail which describe how energy is supplied. Level 2 [4-6 marks] Uses named example. More developed statements which describe how energy is supplied (NB Max 5 if no named or inappropriate example) Level 3 [7 marks] Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements, including some place-specific reference. Content guide: Answers are likely to refer to: power stations fossil fuels domestic supplies and imports renewable energy production methods Place-specific reference is likely to consist of: locational details named areas/settlements within the country statistics, etc. NB: Focus in on supply, not uses. Can achieve full marks from one energy source. Development is of the description.