O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/12 · May/June 2016 · Q525 Marks

(a) Study Fig. 7 (Insert), a map showing the Human Development Index (HDI).

(a)(i)Put the following countries in rank order according to their HDI. Brazil Canada China Sudan 1st __________________ 2nd __________________ 3rd __________________ 4th __________________[1]
(a)(ii)Describe the main differences in HDI between North and South America.[2]
(a)(iii)Explain why HDI is a good measure of development.[3]
(a)(iv)Explain why there are differences in levels of development between countries.[4]
(b)Study Fig. 8, which shows indicators of development for selected countries in Africa. Country Life expectancy (years) Energy use per person (kg. of oil equivalent) Number of doctors (per 100000 people) Adult literacy (percentage) Angola 55 606 8 67 Egypt 73 735 212 58 Ethiopia 61 299 3 43 Kenya 64 494 13 85 South Africa 50 2587 69 87 Tanzania 61 465 2 78 Uganda 54 776 5 70 Fig. 8
(b)(i)Identify the country which: - has the lowest percentage of people who can read and write; - is likely to have the poorest access to a doctor; - has the lowest energy use per person.[3]
(b)(ii)Which country, listed in Fig. 8, do you consider has the highest level of development? Justify your answer. Country Justification[5]
(c)For a country you have studied, describe the positive and negative impacts of a named transnational corporation being located there. Name of country Name of transnational corporation[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2016). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] Canada...Brazil...China...Sudan 1 mark (1)
[2] Ideas such as: generally higher in North America; more variation in South America. 2@1 mark (2)
[3] Ideas such as: it takes into account a variety of factors/uses more than one indicator; life expectancy/education (number of years in school) are used to give a better index of development than income alone; easy to carry out statistical comparisons between countries/change over time, etc. 3 @ 1 mark (3)
[4] Ideas such as: length of time in which development has been occurring; impacts of colonisation; presence/absence of raw material/resources or examples; development of a specific economic activity such as tourism, mining or manufacturing; accessibility/presence of port/land locked/transport; government policies; political system/level of corruption; levels of education/skills of workforce; investment/aid from other countries/loans; trade policy/free trade; presence of transnationals; wars/civil unrest; rely on low value primary products; overreliance on one product; AIDS/HIV (not other named diseases), etc. 4 @ 1 mark (4)
[3] A = Ethiopia B = Tanzania C = Ethiopia 3 @ 1 mark (3)
[5] One mark for South Africa or Egypt. Four further marks for reasoning such as: South Africa uses the largest amount of energy; which indicates the presence of industry; so GNP per capita will be higher than the other countries; literacy is highest; which indicates that the population is well educated; the number of doctors is greater than 5 of the other countries/high number of doctors; so health care is likely to be good, etc. Egypt has the highest life expectancy; which indicates good healthcare/diet, etc.; number of doctors is highest; doctors are more available/diseases are more readily treated; third highest energy use/energy use is high; which indicates the presence of industry; so GNP per capita will be higher than other countries. NB: Candidates need to describe the indicator in order to then go on to access the development mark. 5 @ 1 mark or development (5)
[7] Levels marking Level 1 [1-3 marks] Statements including limited detail which describe the positive and/or negative impacts of a transnational corporation. Level 2 [4-6 marks] Uses named example. More developed statements which describe the positive and/or negative impacts of a transnational corporation. (NB Max 5 if no named or inappropriate example) Level 3 [7 marks] Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements which describe the positive and negative impacts of a transnational corporation, including some place-specific reference. Must have both positive and negative but one can be at L1. Content guide: Answers could refer to: employment economic growth infrastructural development exploitation environmental destruction, etc. Place-specific reference is likely to consist of: locational details specific details of transnational named settlements, etc. NB: The focus of the question is advantages and disadvantages for the country and not the TNC.