Study Fig. 5, which shows the area of land affected by soil erosion by water, in Europe. [Figure 5 is a bar chart showing percentage of land affected by soil erosion (tonnes per hectare per year) in Europe. The chart has a key for different ranges of soil erosion (tonnes per hectare per year): >50, 20-50, 10-19.9, 5-9.9, 2-4.9, <2. The bars for <2 and 2-4.9 are incomplete.]

1. (a)(i)Use the data in Table 1 to complete Fig. 5. Table 1 tonnes per hectare per year | % of land <2 | 70 2-4.9 | 15[2]
2. (a)(ii)What percentage of land in Europe loses at least 10 tonnes per hectare per year by soil erosion?[1]
3. (b)Study Fig. 6, which shows some ways of reducing soil erosion. [Figure 6 shows a diagram with several circles, each containing a method of reducing soil erosion: terracing, contour ploughing, afforestation, uncropped fields left with grass cover, crop rotation, use of manure, restricting size of herds, shelter belts of trees to block wind.]
4. (b)(i)Suggest why some farmers would be against restricting the size of their animal herds.[1]
5. (b)(ii)How does afforestation help to reduce soil erosion?[4]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.