Students in Mar del Plata, a large tourist resort in Argentina, were interested in the effects of tourism on the city and how these varied between the summer tourist season and winter when there were fewer tourists. Their two hypotheses were: Hypothesis 1: The advantages of tourism are greater than the disadvantages. Hypothesis 2: The amount of traffic is greater in summer than in winter because of tourism.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2015). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [2] (a) (i) Examples
2. [2] (a) (i) To find out whether they are residents or tourists (1)
3. [2] (a) (i) Students only want to ask local people/questionnaire is for residents (1)
4. [2] (a) (i) Some people they approach will not be local people (1)
5. [2] (a) (i) Not waste peoples/students time (1)
6. [2] (a) (i) Tourist results will be unreliable/residents more reliable (1)
7. [2] (a) (i) Tourists do not know the advantages + disadvantages/not there all year (1)
8. [2] (a) (i) So that answers relate/relevant to the hypothesis (1)
9. [2] (a) (ii) One mark for naming method and one mark for brief description.
10. [2] (a) (ii) If method wrong can give description mark if describes one of these three methods below accurately
11. [2] (a) (ii) Systematic sampling (1)
12. [2] (a) (ii) e.g. Ask every tenth/nth person/regular intervals (1).
13. [2] (a) (ii) OR Random sampling (1)
14. [2] (a) (ii) e.g. Use random numbers/ask next person they meet/any order/ no specific order (1)
15. [2] (a) (ii) OR Stratified sampling (1)
16. [2] (a) (ii) e.g. Ask appropriate age / gender balance / in proportion to population (1)
17. [2] (a) (iii) Examples
18. [2] (a) (iii) Avoid bias / fair test (1)
19. [2] (a) (iii) Saves time / quicker (1)
20. [2] (a) (iii) Impossible to ask all people in the town (1)
21. [2] (a) (iii) Get a representative selection/range of people (1)
22. [2] (b) (i) Completion of bar graphs; one mark for each correct plot
23. [2] (b) (i) Better public transport at 60, higher prices at 47
24. [4] (b) (ii) Hypothesis is true – 1 mark reserve
25. [4] (b) (ii) More/majority/over half residents/people think there are advantages than disadvantages (1)
26. [4] (b) (ii) 464 answers for advantages but only 282 disadvantages given/182 more answers for advantages (1)
27. [4] (b) (ii) 129/150 residents agree more ad> disadvantages/ only 21/150 disagree (1) OR 86% residents agree/14% disagree (1) OR 129 residents agree and 21 disagree (1)
28. [4] (b) (ii) More types/categories/wider range of advantages suggested than disadvantages (1)
29. [4] (b) (ii) 7 advantages but only 5 disadvantages (1)
30. [4] (b) (ii) Credit paired comparative data to 2 marks max
31. [4] (b) (iii) Examples
32. [4] (b) (iii) More jobs means closer to home/less travel (1)
33. [4] (b) (iii) Reduces unemployment (1)
34. [4] (b) (iii) More money/higher income/reliable income (1)
35. [4] (b) (iii) Give local people a higher standard of living/better QoL (1)
36. [4] (b) (iii) More income for necessities / luxuries (1)
37. [4] (b) (iii) May improve local services e.g. education, hospitals (1)
38. [4] (b) (iii) Can generate further investment/local businesses/multiplier idea/boost local economy (1)
39. [1] (c) (i) Secondary data (1)
40. [3] (c) (ii) Examples
41. [3] (c) (ii) Use a stopwatch to get exact time (1)
42. [3] (c) (ii) Count for same length of time (1)
43. [3] (c) (ii) Survey both locations at same time (1)
44. [3] (c) (ii) More than one student to count / record at each location (1)
45. [3] (c) (ii) Use a tally method (1)
46. [3] (c) (ii) Use a clicker/counter (1)
47. [3] (c) (ii) Take more readings and average/take readings on different days/seasons (1)
48. [2] (c) (iii) Completion of line graph
49. [2] (c) (iii) 16.00 @ 220, 18.00 @ 122
50. [2] (c) (iii) 2 correct plots + line = 2 marks
51. [2] (c) (iii) 2 correct plots but no line = 1 mark
52. [2] (c) (iii) 1 correct plot + line = 1 mark,
53. [4] (c) (iv) 1 statement mark MAX and 1 data mark MAX for each of X and Y. Accept statistics from graphs 4a/4b or table 2.
54. [4] (c) (iv) Location X:
55. [4] (c) (iv) Twice as many vehicles in summer than winter (1)
56. [4] (c) (iv) More traffic in summer at each survey time/summer line always above winter line (1)
57. [4] (c) (iv) Biggest difference in middle of day / between 12.00 & 14.00 (1)
58. [4] (c) (iv) At 12.00 on graph 380:160 OR at 14.00 350:140 (1)
59. [4] (c) (iv) On graph peak of 380 in summer higher than peak of 220 in winter (1)
60. [4] (c) (iv) From table: 1702 vehicles in summer but only 849 in winter/ 853 more in summer (1)
61. [4] (c) (iv) From table: 283.6 average in summer but only 141.5 average in winter (1)
62. [4] (c) (iv) From table: At 12.00 377:162 OR at 14.00 349: 139 (1)
63. [4] (c) (iv) Location Y:
64. [4] (c) (iv) Almost same amount of traffic in summer + winter/lines closer/lines cross (1)
65. [4] (c) (iv) More traffic in winter at three survey times (1)
66. [4] (c) (iv) Summer and winter figures are similar at all six survey times (1)
67. [4] (c) (iv) From graph peak of 370 in summer and 380 in winter (1)
68. [4] (c) (iv) From table 1874 vehicles in summer:1864 in winter/only 10 more vehicles in summer (1)
69. [4] (c) (iv) From table or graph: similar stats at 10.00 262:240/ 14.00 320:307/ 16.00 380:368 (1)
70. [2] (c) (v) X located near harbour / seafront/beach so more popular in summer/more tourists (1)
71. [2] (c) (v) Y located inland / in suburbs/ motorway so more local people/residents (1)
72. [2] (d) Q1: Irrelevant to the topic of method of transport / intrusive / personal / not all will have a car (1)
73. [2] (d) Q2: Closed question / Yes and No question /does not consider other methods of transport / no need for Q2 as covered by Q3 (1)