O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/12 · May/June 2015 · Q525 Marks

(a) Study Fig. 8, which shows information about the location of selected factories. [Figure 8]

(a)(i)Plot, using an X on Fig. 8, information about the location of cotton textile factories. Use the data in the table below. Percentage of cotton textile factories Close to market Close to power Close to raw materials 30 50 20[1]
(a)(ii)What is meant by the raw materials and the market of a factory? Raw materials Market[2]
(a)(iii)Using information from Fig. 8 only, compare the importance of the factors influencing the locations of iron and steel works and bakeries.[3]
(a)(iv)Explain how the cost of transport influences the location of different types of industry.[4]
(b)(i)Study Fig. 9, which shows information about high technology exports from Israel between 1995 and 2004. [Figure 9] Using Fig. 9 only, describe the changing amount of high technology exports from Israel between 1995 and 2004. You should use statistics to support your answer.[3]
(b)(ii)Suggest how the growth of high technology industry may have benefitted the people and economy of Israel.[5]
(c)Explain why high technology industry is located in a named area you have studied. Name of area .....................................................[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2015). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a) (i) on graph (allow tolerance of 1% either way)
[2] (ii) raw materials = items which are processed in factory/materials used to produce or make a product/resources from the land or sea. market = place where finished products are sold/people who buy the products or finished goods.
[3] (iii) iron and steel making is closer to source of power/bakery is further away from source of power/power is more important for iron and steel than bakery; bakery is closer to market/iron and steel is further away from the market/market is more important for bakery than iron and steel; iron and steel is closer to raw materials/bakery is further away from raw materials/raw materials are more important for iron and steel than bakery; most important for iron and steel is raw materials whereas for bakeries it is the market. NB: Accept comparative data. Tolerance of 1% on statistics. Answer should compare.
[4] (iv) industries aim to keep transport costs as low as possible/decrease transport costs if raw materials are bulky/heavy/large amounts the factories will be located close to their source; if power supplies (e.g. coal) are heavy/large amounts the factories will be located close to them (e.g. mines); if finished products are bulky/heavy/large amounts the factories will be located close to market; factories sometimes locate close to a cheap method of transport (e.g. rail, canal) to lower transport cost; near to port for importing raw materials/ exporting goods.
[3] (b) (i) growth overall/ increases between 1995 and 2004; increase between 1995–2000/increase up to 2000; decrease 2000–2003; increase from 2003–2004; (decrease 2000-2004) use of statistics to illustrate above points (1mark RESERVE) – need a pair of statistics or total change between the two years. Need millions. No tolerance on statistics.
[5] (ii) creation of jobs; skills gained; with high salaries/rates of pay/people become better off; multiplier effect; more exports/reduced imports; increased GNP/economy grows/wealth of country increases/makes economy stronger; benefits balance of payments/more foreign currency; more money earned through taxation; health care/education/services can be improved; infrastructural development/roads/electricity/water supplies; standard of living improves/quality of life improves; increased personal spending on housing/clothing/food/healthcare etc; NB: No reserve on people or economy.
[7] (c) Level 1 (1–3 marks): Statements including limited detail explaining location of high technology industry. Level 2 (4–6 marks): Uses named example More developed statements explaining location of high technology industry. NB: MAX 5 marks with no named example or inappropriate example. Level 3 (7 marks): Uses named example. comprehensive and accurate answer explaining location of high technology industry including some place specific reference. Content Guide: There will be likely reference to ideas such as: transport links close to components (raw materials = 0) labour supplies cost of land government incentives footloose industry environmental attractions economies of agglomeration market/demand etc.