Students at two schools in South Africa planned an investigation using weather stations. The two schools are in Pretoria and Cape Town which are located on Fig. 9 (Insert). Hypothesis 1: The diurnal variation in temperature is greater in Pretoria than in Cape Town. The diurnal variation in temperature is the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature in a day. Hypothesis 2: In Cape Town rainfall increases as the maximum temperature increases.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2014). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [2] (a) (i) Easy to read / convenient to read / use / less chance or error
2. Instant measurement / quick / saves time
3. Accurate / gives decimal point reading / exact / precise / sensitive
4. Portable / easy to carry
5. Can be read remotely
6. NOT: robust / cheap / stores a record of temperatures / can reset to zero / reliable / easier to set up
7. If answer is from point of view of traditional instrument there must be comparison
8. 2 @ 1
9. [6] (ii) Screen is painted white...so that it reflects heat or sunlight / reduces direct heating by the sun / does not absorb sunlight
10. Sides are made of slats / louvres / have spaces / gaps / not solid...so that air can circulate
11. Screen / box is made of wood...so that heat is not conducted into it
12. Roof is made of a double layer of wood...so that airspace provides insulation
13. Screen stands more than 1 m / raised on legs above the ground...so that instruments are not affected by heat from the ground
14. NOT: wind / keep rain out / box to protect instruments / holes in side / not affected by sun / above ground
15. 3 + 3 marks
16. [1] (iii) Thermometer
17. [1] (iv) Cloud cover
18. Cloud type
19. Wind speed
20. Wind direction
21. Sunshine hours / amount
22. Actual / current temperature
23. NOT: wind / cloud / temperature
24. [2] (v) Wet and dry bulb thermometer / hygrometer
25. Barometer / barograph
26. NOT: wet and dry bulb / hydrometer
27. 2 @ 1
28. [3] (b) (i) Read every 24 hours / fixed period of time
29. Indices (markers) left at / show the minimum and maximum temperatures
30. Read off the bottom of the index
31. Read at eye level
32. Magnet to reset / button to reset
33. NOT: read the index
34. [3] (ii) Gauge stood firmly / dug in ground
35. Funnel and jar placed in casing / gauge
36. Rain enters gauge / jar through funnel / collects in jar / collects in rain gauge
37. Noting / recording water level in jar / water poured into measuring cylinder
38. Reading taken every day / at same time reach day / fixed time period
39. Empty jar after measuring
40. NOT: recording in table / below ground / underground / measure after the rain stops / eye level
41. NOT: open ground / away from trees / grass not concrete / flat land
42. [2] (c) (i) Completion of temperature line 4°C and 7.5°C (credit 4°C plot on vertical line or within square)
43. Minus 1 mark for each error
44. [4] (ii) Hypothesis is true / generally true / partly true / agree with hypothesis / bigger difference between maximum and minimum temperatures in Pretoria
45. 1 mark reserve (HA)
46. Bigger gap on graph between maximum and minimum temperature lines in Pretoria than in Cape Town
47. 1 mark for identifying date to support hypothesis with statistics - 4 stats or 2 difference stats (0.5° tolerance on stats)
48. e.g. July 1: Pretoria max temp = 15.5°C and min temp = 0.8°C and in Cape Town max temp = 15.9°C and min temp = 3.7 °C OR Difference = 14.7°C in Pretoria and 12.2°C in Cape Town
49. 1 mark for identifying anomaly date with statistics 4 stats or 2 difference stats (0.5° tolerance on stats)
50. e.g. July 3: Pretoria max temp = 15.2°C and min temp = 5.2°C and in Cape Town max temp = 18.8°C and min temp = 4.1 °C OR Difference = 10.0°C in Pretoria and 14.7°C in Cape Town
51. Hypothesis conclusion is incorrect / false = 0 (XHa)
52. If no hypothesis conclusion ^HA and credit evidence
53. [2] (d) (i) Completion of rainfall bars for 2 days
54. 15mm on 28th and 4 mm on 29th
55. 2 @ 1
56. [4] (ii) Hypothesis is false / incorrect / disagree with hypothesis – 1 mark reserve (HA)
57. No relationship between maximum temperature and amount of rainfall
58. OR less or no rain as temperature increases or high temperature or maximum temperature
59. OR more rain as temperature decreases or lower temperature or minimum temperature
60. At highest temperature / 24.6° or 25° there is no rainfall
61. 1 mark for data which compares temperature and rainfall to disprove hypothesis
62. e.g. 16.4°C and 13mm compared with 17.2°C and 2mm
63. Hypothesis conclusion is correct / true / partly true = 0 (XHa)
64. If no hypothesis conclusion ^HA & credit evidence