Study Fig. 9, which shows information about coffee production in Brazil. [Figure 9] is a line graph titled 'Brazil Coffee Production' with 'years' (1982-2012) on the x-axis and 'coffee production (million bags*)' (10-60) on the y-axis, where *a bag weighs 60kg. Production values are plotted as points connected by a line. Study Fig. 10, which shows information about where coffee is produced in Brazil. [Figure 10] is a map of Brazil showing various states (Rondonia, Mato Grosso, Goias, Minas Gerais, Bahia, Espirito Santo, Sao Paulo, Parana, Rio de Janeiro). It delineates 'state boundary', 'coffee growing area' (shaded), 'PARAGUAY country', and 'international boundary'. Bar charts within states indicate 'percent of total production by state' with a scale of bars (0, 10, 20).

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2014). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] (Producing crops/animals/farming) for sale/profit
2. [2] Graph completion: 2 marks = 3 plots and a line; 1 mark = 1 error made; 0 marks = more than one error made
3. [3] Ideas such as: variation in precipitation/water availability; amount of sunshine; temperature differences; incidence of frost; pests/disease/floods/natural hazards; fluctuation in world price of coffee/fluctuation in demand; amount of land used for coffee; amount of fertilizer used/soil fertility declines/soil has been exhausted; government subsidies/grants offered by government; quality of seeds, etc.
4. [4] Ideas such as: farmers can add manure/fertilizer; use of crop rotation/land left fallow; avoidance of monoculture/overcultivation avoiding overgrazing; contour ploughing; terracing; building small walls to trap soil; planting windbreaks or hedges; cover-cropping/inter-cropping/strip farming; dry farming; mulching, etc.
5. [3] Ideas such as: distribution is uneven; widespread; high/most production in Minas Gerais or lowest/low production in Rio and Mato Grosso; area close to coast is important/less production inland; particularly South East Brazil; statistics which support any point made (max. 1 reserve)
6. [5] Reference to factors such as: temperatures; rainfall/water supply; length of growing season; fertility of soil; relief; market; availability of government subsidies; quotas; availability of finance/capital; sunlight; farmer's choice/perception; land availability/size of farm; demand/profitability; accessibility; labour, etc.
7. [7] Levels marking Level 1 (1–3 marks) Statements including limited detail which describe the impacts of water shortages on the people/economic development. Level 2 (4–6 marks) Uses named example. More developed statements which describe the impacts of water shortages on the people/economic development (N.B. max. 5 if no named or inappropriate example) Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements, including some place specific reference. Content Guide: Answers are likely to refer to: dehydration impact on food supply/malnutrition/starvation migration water borne diseases negative impact on agricultural production difficulty of developing manufacturing industry restriction on development of tourism HEP cost of creating a water supply infrastructure, etc. Place specific reference is likely to consist of: locational details Specific details of settlements/areas affected Named groups/tribes living in the area, etc. N.B. The development is of the impact.