O-LevelGeographyPopulation and settlement2217/23 · May/June 2010 · Q730 Marks

Four students wanted to find out more about visitors to a national park. They produced a questionnaire to gain evidence with which to investigate two hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: The age of visitors influences the activities they take part in within the national park. Hypothesis 2: Most visitors have a positive opinion of national parks.

(a)(i)The four students divided themselves into two pairs to decide on questions to include in a questionnaire. The questionnaire produced by the pair of students who finished the task first is shown in Fig. 9 (Insert). Unfortunately when they showed their completed questionnaire to their teacher, the students did not receive a positive report. Suggest three weaknesses of the questionnaire.[3]
(a)(ii)The questionnaire produced by the other pair of students was approved by the teacher. This questionnaire is shown in Fig. 10 (Insert). Suggest two good features of this questionnaire.[2]
(a)(iii)Before using the questionnaire shown in Fig. 10 (Insert), the four students thought about the best way to make use of it. They decided to use a systematic sampling method and to question every tenth person who passed them. They decided to question 100 people in total. Give two advantages of this sampling method.[2]
(a)(iv)The students decided to use their questionnaire in a large car park located near to the centre of the national park. Suggest why this is a good place to use the questionnaire.[1]
(a)(v)Finally they decided to ask their questions as visitors returned to their cars before leaving the car park. Suggest why they made this decision and one possible disadvantage of their decision. Why they made the decision: Disadvantage:[2]
(b)(i)The results of Question 2 (Have you visited the national park before?) in the questionnaire are shown in Table 2 below Table 2 Answer Number of people Yes 75 No 25 Use these results to complete Fig. 11 below. [Figure 11][1]
(b)(ii)The results of Question 3 (How long are you staying in the national park?) are shown in Table 3 below. Table 3 Number of days Number of people 1 60 2 or 3 22 4 or 5 13 More than 5 5 Use these results to complete Fig. 12 below. [Figure 12][2]
(b)(iii)The results of Question 4 (What is the main activity you have been doing in the national park today?) are shown in Table 4, below, with the age groups of the people interviewed. Table 4 Complete Table 4 by inserting the following information: • 5 people aged 51–65 were sightseeing. • the total number of people who were sightseeing.[1]
(b)(iv)The students used the information in Table 4 to work out a conclusion to Hypothesis 1: The age of visitors influences the activities they take part in within the national park. Do you agree with the hypothesis? Support your conclusion with evidence from Table 4.[4]
(c)(i)People gave many different answers to Question 5 (What do you like most about the national park?) in the questionnaire (Fig. 10). To make it easier to record these answers, the students grouped them into different categories. These results are shown in Table 5. Table 5 Category Number of people Easy to get to 8 Lots of facilities for visitors 9 Opportunity to do my favourite activity 44 Peace and quiet 18 Scenery 21 Which categories would the following answers to Question 5 fit into? 1. The motorway is only 10km away from this car park and I can use it for almost all my journey home. Category: 2. The mountains and lakes look spectacular in the summer sun and winter snow. Category: 3. There are plenty of paths where no vehicles are allowed so it is safe to cycle along them. Category:[3]
(c)(ii)Table 6 shows the main improvements suggested by visitors in their answers to Question 6 (Suggest one improvement that would make your visit better) in the questionnaire. Table 6 New walking routes signposted More car parks Better toilet facilities More cafes and refreshment facilities More cycling / horse riding routes More information boards Improved footpath surfaces Write down two of these ideas and suggest how each might improve a visit to the national park.[2]
(c)(iii)The students considered Hypothesis 2: Most visitors have a positive opinion of national parks. Do you think that this hypothesis is true? Explain your decision.[3]
(d)(i)To extend their investigation the students decided to find out more about where visitors to the national park came from. Suggest one suitable question that students could add to the questionnaire.[1]
(d)(ii)Describe, in detail, how the students could present this information.[3]

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Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2010). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[3 @ 1 = 3] (a) (i) Introduction gives no context to questionnaire Q1 is too vague – need town/city/country or is too personal Qs 2 & 3 are irrelevant to hypotheses Q4 repeats idea of Q1/answers wont be accurate Q5 is a closed question and gives no extra information Q6 is negative Q7 is personal Final comment is abrupt/no thanks/informal/impolite/unfriendly No multiple choice alternatives/tick boxes Will have to write down full answers/no space to write answers Difficult to analyse/collate results No question about activities which people did/key question for hypothesis 1 Illogical order of questions/age question is last Answers don't need to refer to specific questions in questionnaire NOT question is unacceptable – must say why NOT questionnaire is too short
[2 @ 1 =2] (a) (ii) Introduction explains who is doing questionnaire & why/friendly Positive introduction – won't take up much time Qs 1, 2 & 3 ask for precise/quick responses/choices for people to tick Qs 4 & 5 are open/positive/ask for opinions Thanks at the end Gender information is recorded without questioning Questions are relevant to hypotheses Answers are easy to collate/graph Can credit opposites to (i) Answers don't need to refer to specific questions in questionnaire NOT clear/easy to understand – must say why
[2 @ 1 = 2] (a) (iii) Simple to organise/clear rationale Reduces bias in sample/fair test Respondents cannot influence each other/discuss answers
[1] (a) (iv) Lots of people to ask/many people park there In middle of national park so more likely to be used by tourists Accept negative comment about other locations
[1 + 1 = 2] (a) (v) Why: People would be better equipped to answer questions about time spent in park/ activities/what they liked Waited until people had enjoyed the day's activities Disadvantage: People are tired at end of a busy day/cannot be bothered to answer questions People in a rush to set off for home May not get enough answers and too late to do anything about it Will only question people in cars/miss out people who don't come by car
[1] (b) (i) Bar graph completion – need dividing line & labels (Yes/No) Allow tolerance from 72-75 or 22-28
[1] (b) (ii) Pie graph – completion 1 mark (4 or 5 days, longer than 5 days) Shading/labels in key 1 mark Allow 1% tolerance
[1] (b) (iii) Insert figures for sightseeing: 5 in 51-65 age group column 11 in total column Both correct for 1 mark
[4] (b) (iv) Hypothesis is partially/generally true/Yes/age does influence activities – reserve mark Physical/lively/active activities are more popular with younger people Such as cycling/mountain biking/horse riding/running/jogging Less physical/leisurely/relaxed activities are more popular with older people Such as sightseeing/driving/visiting historic buildings/shopping/bird watching Walking is popular with all age groups, doesn't support hypothesis/exception Some activities are popular only with specific age groups climbing: 21-50/walking (over 5 km) not with over 65 Credit exception such as 2 people under 20 visit historic buildings No data mark NOT 'high risk' activities
[3 @ 1 = 3] (c) (i) 1 Easy to get to 2 Scenery 3 Opportunity to do my favourite activity/Peace & quiet
[2 @ 1 = 2] (c) (ii) Improvements: New walking routes signposted: visitors will not get lost/easier to explore More car parks: not waste time looking for a parking space/not have to walk as far/not need to use public transport/safe and secure NOT more visitors Better toilet facilities: improved visitor comfort/more hygienic/less distance to facilities More cafes and refreshment facilities: improved visitor comfort/will not go hungry/rest & drink/relax/don't have to bring own food/don't have to leave park to eat More cycling horse riding routes: planned route to follow/away from traffic More information boards: visitors can learn about the area NOT stop people getting lost Improved footpath surfaces: easier/safer to walk on/less muddy/cleaner
[3] (c) (iii) Yes true/most visitors do have a positive opinion – reserve mark Because; visitors gave examples of activities (Table 3)/opportunity to do favourite activities Visitors said what they liked (Table 4) – e.g. peace & quiet Visitors gave positive ideas for improvements (Table 5) / no serious problem/complaint Most visitors had visited more than once and returned (Table 1) Many visitors were staying more than one day (Table 2) 1 mark maximum on each Table Responses only based on one day in one national park/visitors not asked direct question: Do you like/have a positive view of national parks?
[1] (d) (i) Where do you live?/nationality Where do you come from? How far have you travelled to get to the national park? How long have you spent travelling to the park?
[3] (d) (ii) Grouping data/categorise/results table tally chart Map / type of graph – bar/pie/divided rectangle/pictogram Type of map – choropleth/dot distribution/flow lines/desire lines 1 mark for each of above ideas if appropriate to question in (i) Accept presentation ideas, even if question in (i) is wrong NOT questionnaire/tick boxes

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