Study Figs 7A and 7B (page 20), which show information about areas in Italy which attract tourists. [Figure 7A] is a map of Italy showing cities (Aosta, Venice, Rimini, Florence, Rome, Naples, Palermo), mountain ranges (indicated by a symbol), and volcanoes (indicated by a symbol). It includes a scale bar (0-200 km) and a north arrow. [Figure 7B] presents two climate graphs, one for Palermo and one for Aosta. Each graph has 'months' (JFMAMJJASOND) on the x-axis, 'rainfall (mm)' (0-80) on the left y-axis, and 'temperature (°C)' (-10 to 30) on the right y-axis. Rainfall is shown by bar graphs and temperature by a line graph. The key for Fig. 7B indicates 'temperature' by a line and 'rainfall' by bars. Study Fig. 8, which shows three advantages of tourism for local people. [Figure 8] illustrates three advantages of tourism with text boxes: 'jobs created', 'investment in airports and roads', and 'more food crops sold'. These are accompanied by illustrative cartoons.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2014). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] Mountains/volcano
2. [2] Historical buildings/ruins/historical places/palaces/castles; statues/monuments/towers; museums/galleries; shops/markets; theatres/cinemas/nightclubs/casinos/nightlife; churches/temples/cathedral/places of worship; festivals/carnivals; unique buildings/attractions; parks and gardens; sporting venues;
3. [3] Ideas such as: high temperatures/warm/hot; 15-25 °C (any figure in range)/month and temperature; low rainfall; rainfall between 5-15mm per month (any figure in range)/month and rainfall
4. [4] Ideas such as: (in Dec-Feb/winter) there is likely to be snow/temperatures are below zero; attractive for winter sports/people can go skiing; mild temperatures/not excessively hot; walking/climbing mountains/camping; attractive scenery/lots of vegetation/sightseeing
5. [3] More food sold = earn profits/income/money; Jobs created = lowers unemployment/income for people/raises standard of living/people can save money/able to work; Investment in airports and roads = better access for local people/job creation/local economy develops/less congestion/better transport system
6. [5] Ideas such as: increase in local traffic congestion; atmospheric pollution causes breathing difficulties; loss of local culture/traditional way of life; impact of behaviour of tourists/drunkenness, etc.; noise; exploitation/low paid jobs/long hours; seasonal work; shortage of water supplies for local people; litter; lack of privacy; loss of farmland/living space for building; long queues for shops/services; higher prices for locals; disrespect for religious sites/beliefs; investment in tourist facilities rather than facilities for locals
7. [7] Levels marking Level 1 (1–3 marks) Statements including limited detail which explain how tourism is damaging the natural environment. Level 2 (4–6 marks) Uses named example. More developed statements which explain how tourism is damaging the natural environment. (N.B. max. 5 if no named or inappropriate example) Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements, including some place specific reference. Content Guide: Answers are likely to refer to: Loss of vegetation/deforestation Impact on habitats and food chains Pollution of beaches, seas and rivers Atmospheric pollution Visual impact, etc. Place specific reference is likely to consist of: Locational details Specific details of species affected Named settlements in tourist area, etc.