O-LevelGeographyThe natural environment2217/22 · May/June 2013 · Q38 Marks
Study Fig. 4, which shows the most dangerous volcanic eruptions of the last 500 years.
- (a)(i)Complete Fig. 4 to show 25000 deaths from the 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz.[1]
- (a)(ii)Which eruption caused the most deaths?[1]
- (a)(iii)Which eruption was the most recent?[1]
- (b)State two volcanic hazards that could cause death. 1 2[2]
- (c)Suggest why many of the deaths from the 1783 Laki eruption were due to starvation.[3]
This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.
Mark scheme
Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2013). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.
- [1] Correct completion of Fig. 4
- [1] Tambora
- [1] Nevado del Ruiz
- [2] Poisonous gases/smoke/smog Volcanic bombs Ash Lahars/pyroclastic flow Lateral blast
- [3] Productive land covered in debris/grazing land destroyed Crops destroyed Animals killed Freshwater fish killed Stored food destroyed Sunlight reduced Temperature changes People evacuated from crop producing areas Remote island so no outside help Remote island so long time for supplies to arrive
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