O-LevelGeographyEconomic development2217/13 · May/June 2013 · Q625 Marks

(a) Study Fig. 10, which shows information about the population and the consumption of energy in the different continents. Key: % of world population, % of world energy consumption. Scale of bars: 1mm = 1%. [Figure 10]

(a)(i)Name one continent which has a smaller percentage of the world's population than of its energy consumption.[1]
(a)(ii)Complete the table below by inserting the names of the three missing continents. The continents should be arranged in rank order of their energy consumption. Highest percentage of world energy consumption Asia Europe Australasia Lowest percentage of world energy consumption[2]
(a)(iii)Suggest reasons why many MEDCs want to reduce the amount of energy which they import.[3]
(a)(iv)Some areas are facing a shortage of non-renewable energy. Describe how renewable energy could be generated in such areas.[4]
(b)(i)Explain why there is concern about the global environmental impacts of coal-fired power stations, such as the one shown in Photograph C. [Figure 10.1][3]
(b)(ii)Explain the factors which influence the location of coal-fired power stations, such as the one shown in Photograph C.[5]
(c)Name an area or a country which you have studied where large amounts of fuelwood are used for energy. Describe the problems this causes for local people and the natural environment. Name of area or country.[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2013). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a)(i) North America/Europe
[2] (a)(ii) In correct order: North America; South America; Africa
[3] (a)(iii) Ideas such as: as importing energy is very expensive/prices of oil are rising or fluctuating; to reduce import bills/improve balance of payments; too dependent on other nations/need to become more independent/so they are encouraged to produce more of their own energy; in order to be able to still have energy supplies in case of war/political disputes; trying to develop/increase renewable energy sources; etc.
[4] (a)(iv) Ideas such as: HEP possible in some mountainous areas/on rivers/areas of high precipitation; wind power is possible in mountainous/offshore areas/by building wind turbines; wave/tidal possible in coastal areas; solar power where there is plenty of sunshine/by using solar panels in their roofs; geothermal power in volcanic areas/by sending water down into hot rocks; etc. 1 mark MAX for simple list of 2 or more renewable energy types
[3] (b)(i) Ideas such as: emissions of greenhouse gases; carbon dioxide/sulphur dioxide; responsible for global warming; ice caps melt; acid rain; etc.
[5] (b)(ii) Ideas such as: near coalmines/coalfields; to reduce transport costs of coal (dev); bulky fuel to transport (dev); availability of water/close to river/lake; for use in cooling processes (dev); rail/road transport; for coal deliveries/taking waste away (dev); lots of or plenty of land/room/open space; for large building/high generating capacity (dev); solid foundations; due to weight of power station/cooling towers (dev); close to of population; for a workforce; flat land; cheap land; etc.
[7] (c) Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements describing problems of use of fuelwood for people and natural environment, including some place specific reference. Answers are likely to refer to factors such as: local atmospheric pollution; time take to collect wood; health problems; deforestation; soil erosion.