(a) Study Fig. 7, which shows the percentage of the world's high technology exports from selected countries. [Figure 7] (b) Study Fig. 8, which shows the employment structure of Malaysia in 1980 and 2008. Malaysia is a newly industrialising country (NIC) in South East Asia. [Figure 8]

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2010). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] (a)(i) Industries using advanced/computerized methods/industries involving use/manufacture of silicon chips/science based industries/processing with micro-electronics etc.
2. [2] (a)(ii) A = France; B = United Kingdom
3. [3] (a)(iii) Ideas such as: USA has higher total share; On average USA 22/23% compared with 9% Germany especially in aerospace; 48/49% compared with 10% in Germany; but Germany has higher share in pharmaceuticals; 16% compared with 10% in USA; USA more in computers/office machinery; 16/17% compared with 4/5% Germany; USA more in communications equipment; 16/17% compared with 5% Reserve 1 mark for use of figures but MAX 2 on figures.
4. [4] (a)(iv) Ideas such as: skilled/highly qualified workforce; good motorway links/road communications, proximity to international airport; attractive/greenfield sites; presence of universities/research institutions; government/local authority investment in science parks; cheap/flat/plenty of land; pre-existing high tech industry/reputation etc.
5. [3] (b)(i) Ideas such as: Decrease in primary sector; 40-42% to 8 – 10%; Increase in secondary sector; 18-20% to 44 – 46%; Increase in tertiary sector; 39-41% to 45 – 47% Reserve 1 mark for use of figures but MAX 2 on figures.
6. [5] (b)(ii) Ideas such as: more people in employment; so more people can buy food for their families (dev); higher wages; so greater demand for products of local industry (dev); improvement in skills; improvements in infrastructure; such as roads/electricity (dev); rising standard of living or specifics; such as housing/sanitation; improvement in public services; such as health care/education (dev) ; therefore longer life expectancy (dev); more money for country; therefore increase in GDP (dev); multiplier effect etc.
7. [7] (c) Level 1 (1–3 marks) Statements including limited detail explaining location of manufacturing/processing industry (e.g. large workforce, good transport links, cheap land, raw materials, energy supply, water supply etc.)
8. [7] (c) Level 2 (4–6 marks) Uses named example More developed statements explaining location of manufacturing/processing industry (e.g. large workforce with engineering skills, good rail links to raw material supplies, located on coalfield for energy supply, water supply to use in processing etc.) (NB MAX 5 if no named/or inappropriate e.g.)
9. [7] (c) Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example (e.g. sugar refining in Baltimore USA). Comprehensive and accurate statements including some place specific reference. (e.g. good motorway links to markets in large cities such as New York and Washington, adjacent port facilities for import of sugar cane from Caribbean, government grants due to investment in declining industrial areas, large areas of flat land adjacent to waterside for storage of raw cane, large workforce in urban area which has high unemployment rate due to recent industrial decline etc.)