Cambridge Past Paper Questions
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A copper ore contains 3.00% of copper carbonate, CuCO3, by mass. Which mass of copper would be obtained from 1 tonne of the ore?
The catalysed formation of ammonia by the Haber process can be represented by the equation shown. N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g) ΔH = −92 kJ mol⁻¹ Which ...
Solid sulfur consists of S8 molecules. Which equation represents the standard enthalpy of atomisation of sulfur?
In this question you should use changes in oxidation numbers to balance a chemical equation. The following reaction occurs when MnO2 is warmed with...
In this question you should assume air contains 21% oxygen. What is the minimum volume of air required to ensure complete combustion of 10 cm³ of b...
When aqueous bromine is shaken with cyclohexane and allowed to stand, two layers form. The top cyclohexane layer is coloured and the bottom aqueous...
In which change are only temporary dipole-induced dipole forces overcome?
The complete combustion of 2 moles of an alkane produces 400 dm³ of carbon dioxide measured at 301 K and 1 × 10⁵ Pa. Carbon dioxide can be assumed ...
In which reaction does an element undergo the largest change in oxidation number?
PCl5 decomposes as shown. PCl5(g) ⇌ PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) 1.0 mol of PCl5(g), 1.0 mol of PCl3(g) and 1.0 mol of Cl2(g) are placed in a container of volu...
The fifth to eighth ionisation energies of four elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table are shown. Which row refers to chlorine? ionisation ener...
Magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3)2, decomposes when heated to give a white solid and a mixture of gases. One of the gases released is an oxide of nitrogen...
Which statement explains why iodine is less volatile than chlorine?
Ammonium carbonate is a crystalline solid. On gentle warming a reaction occurs, forming ammonia as one product. How are the carbonate ions behaving...
One molecule of an oxide of element Z reacts with six molecules of water to produce an acidic compound. What is element Z?
Which property shows an increase from magnesium to barium?
A test-tube of HBr(g) and a separate test-tube of HI(g) are heated to the same temperature. Which combination of observations is possible? test-tu...
Most modern cars are fitted with catalytic converters in the exhaust system. Which three gases are removed by a catalytic converter?
Compound X is shown. [Diagram of Compound X: a benzene ring with -COOH and -OH attached to adjacent carbons.] X is treated separately with NaOH(aq)...
The table shows the molecular formulae of three molecules P, Q and R. None of the molecules are cyclic. molecule molecular formula P CH4O Q CH2O2 R...
Which row correctly shows the type of mechanism of each of the two reactions? C2H5Br + KCN CH3COCH3 + HCN electrophilic substitution electrophilic...
Ester X is shown. ester X CH3CO2(CH2)7CH3 Ester X is hydrolysed using aqueous sodium hydroxide. What is the molecular formula of one of the products?
Which reagent could be used to distinguish between propane-1,2-diol and ethane-1,2-diol?
Which substance forms propanoic acid as one of the products when it reacts with hot concentrated acidified potassium manganate(VII)?
The structure of damascenone is shown. [Diagram of damascenone structure] Including damascenone, how many stereoisomers exist with this structural ...
How many isomeric esters have the molecular formula C4H8O2?
PVC is used as a packaging material. What holds the different polymer strands together in a piece of solid PVC?
The diagram shows the structure of buta-1,3-diene. [Diagram of buta-1,3-diene structure] The addition reaction between buta-1,3-diene and two molec...
Scientists are trying to synthesise a new element with proton number 119. The element is predicted to be a Group 1 element in Period 8 of the Perio...
Which reactions would have the reaction profile shown? [Diagram showing an energy profile, starting high, going through a transition state, and end...
Which factors can lead to an increase in the rate of a reaction? 1 a lower activation energy 2 an increase in temperature 3 an increase in the conc...
Sodium and fluorine are both reactive elements. Two atoms are described. F Na atomic number 9 11 nucleon number 19 23 Which statements about these...
In the atmosphere, which transformations can involve sulfur dioxide as either a reagent or a catalyst? 1 NO2 to NO 2 NO to NO2 3 CO to CO2
The bond ......P...... of the HBr molecule is ......Q...... than that of the HI molecule. Which pairs of words correctly complete the above sentenc...
Compound X has the structure shown. [Diagram of compound X: a chain with a secondary alcohol, a ketone, and an alkene.] Which statements about comp...
Propanal reacts with hydrogen cyanide. Which absorptions are present in the infra-red spectrum of the product? 1 a weak absorption in the range 220...
Which alcohols cannot be dehydrated to form alkenes? 1 CH3OH 2 (CH3)3COH 3 CH3CH(OH)CH3
A reaction mechanism is shown. [Diagram showing a reaction mechanism for the addition of HBr to an alkene followed by substitution by OH-.] Which s...
Gallium is a metal in Group 13 of the Periodic Table.
The equation shown in (a)(i) describes the reaction which occurs when aqueous potassium iodide is added to aqueous copper(II) sulfate. A white prec...
Nitric acid, HNO₃, can be made by reacting nitrogen dioxide with water. The enthalpy change for the reaction can be measured indirectly using a Hes...
Calcium nitrate, Ca(NO₃)₂, reacts with ammonia, carbon dioxide and water to form a mixture of ammonium nitrate and calcium carbonate. Ca(NO₃)₂ + 2N...
Below is a list of species which can react with organic compounds. CN⁻ HCI Cl H₂O CO₃²⁻
2-methylbut-1-ene reacts with acidified manganate(VII) ions, under specific conditions, to produce two organic compounds X and Y. X immediately rea...
Sucrose is a white crystalline solid, C12H22O11. In reaction Z, sucrose reacts with water in the presence of a catalyst, aqueous hydrochloric acid,...
Hexane, C6H14, is a colourless liquid. Two test-tubes contain equal amounts of hexane. 1 cm³ of bromine, Br2(aq), is added to both test-tubes. One ...
C, D and E are isomers of each other. They are made by passing an alcohol vapour over an aluminium oxide catalyst. [Figure: Structures of C (cis-bu...
In this experiment you will determine the enthalpy change of solution for anhydrous sodium carbonate. FA 5 is anhydrous sodium carbonate, Na₂CO₃. (...
In this experiment you will determine the enthalpy change of solution, ΔHsol, for hydrated sodium thiosulfate, Na₂S₂O₃•5H₂O. To do this you will me...