Kouzes and Posner (1987) produced the Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) which measures five practices of exemplary leadership. Identify two of these practices.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2021). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [2] Kouzes and Posner (1987) produced the Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) which measures five practices of exemplary leadership. Identify two of these practices.
2. Award 1 mark for each
3. [4] Describe the styles of leader behaviour proposed by Muczyk and Reimann (1987).
4. Award 1–2 marks for a basic answer with some understanding of the topic area. Award 3–4 marks for a detailed answer with clear understanding of the topic area.
5. [6] Explain one similarity and one difference between styles of leader behaviour (Muczyk and Reimann, 1987) and situational leadership (Hersey and Blanchard, 1988).
6. Mark according to the levels of response criteria below: Level 3 (5–6 marks) • Candidates will show a clear understanding of the question and will explain an appropriate similarity and an appropriate difference. • Candidates will provide a good explanation with clear detail. Level 2 (3-4 marks) • Candidates will show an understanding of the question and will explain an appropriate similarity/difference in detail or both a similarity and a difference in less detail. • Candidates will provide a good explanation. Level 1 (1–2 marks) • Candidates will show a basic understanding of the question and will attempt a similarity and/or difference. This could include both but just as an attempt. • Candidates will provide a limited explanation. Level 0 (0 marks) No response worthy of credit.