In the cognitive approach, studies often need to deceive participants. Explain why deception was necessary in the study by Andrade (doodling).
Mark scheme
Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2021). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.
- [1] If the participants had known about the surprise memory test they would have deliberately remembered the place names;
- [1] To avoid demand characteristics so the participants didn't deliberately doodle / make an effort to remember names / focus on the names in the message;
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