Describe laboratory experiments and field experiments, using any examples.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2021). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. 1 mark for each definition, up to a maximum of 4, for each type of experiment.
2. 1 mark for each example that is linked to one issue, up to a maximum of 2, for each type of experiment.
3. Examples can include examples from any studies (core studies, other studies, candidate's own studies).
4. Max 4 if only about one type of experiment
5. Laboratory experiment: has (manipulated) IV and (measured) DV; (definition) happens in an artificial environment; (definition) So there can be many controls; (definition)
6. Canli et al.: randomised the order of the pictures, thus controlling for familiarity of type;
7. Canli et al.: controlled for participant concentration by having a fixation cross;
8. Dement and Kleitman: controlled for factors affecting sleep as participants told not to drink alcohol/caffeine;
9. Schachter and Singer: controlled the stooges' behaviours as they were scripted;
10. Andrade: controls also given paper and pencil; all doodling condition given sheets to constrain doodling;
11. Baron-Cohen et al.: access to a glossary controlled for understanding of the words;
12. Laney et al.: controlled for processing of feedback by giving additional questions (imagine the setting);
13. Yamamoto et al.: same tool familiarisation process;
14. Pepperberg: controlled for familiarity of trainer during testing;
15. Bandura et al.: IV was gender of child / aggressive or non-aggressive model and DV was aggression;
16. Field experiment: has (manipulated) IV and (measured) DV; (definition) happens in the normal environment for the activity being investigated; (definition) So there can be some/few controls; (definition)
17. Piliavin et al. changed the stooge/victim (cane or drunk);
18. Piliavin et al. measured the number of helpers/speed of helping;
19. Piliavin et al. controlled the actions/clothing of the stooge;