Identify two 'followership' types (Kelley, 1988).

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2020). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] Alienated
2. [1] Effective ('star followers')
3. [1] Passive ('sheep')
4. [1] Pragmatic
5. [1] Conformist ('yes-people')
6. [4] The Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) is a method used to measure leadership across five distinct areas, each containing six 'item' statements, totaling 30 items. The five areas are: 1. Model the Way (e.g., following through on promises), 2. Inspire a Shared Vision (e.g., talking about future trends), 3. Challenge the Process (e.g., seeking out challenging opportunities), 4. Enable others to Act (e.g., supporting others' decisions), and 5. Encourage the Heart (e.g., giving appreciation and support). The assessment involves the leader completing an inventory alongside multiple 'observers' (colleagues). Responses for each item are on a 10-point scale (1-Almost Never to 10-Almost Always), each with a descriptor. An average score for each item is calculated, allowing leaders to see their scores across the five sections and compare their self-assessment with observers' views.
7. [varies] Allows detailed assessment (multiple questions) of leadership in a number of areas.
8. [varies] Allows the individual to see where they need to develop their skills, e.g. Are they weak at 'encouraging'?
9. [varies] Assessment is by peers, managers, and self, providing a comprehensive assessment.
10. [varies] Large scale on which a fine-tuned assessment can be made.
11. [varies] Descriptors accompany numbers on the response scale to suit those who prefer description.
12. [varies] Can be statistically analysed.
13. [varies] Strengths of quantitative data collected, etc.
14. [varies] Useful to be able to compare self-assessment with assessment by others such as peers.
15. [varies] Lack of qualitative data
16. [varies] Possibility of socially desirable responses as the individual has chosen the observers.
17. [varies] Not all items may be relevant to some of the observers. They may not know how to respond and that particular item is not involved in their working relationship.