Sonia is conducting a study using drivers queueing in traffic. Her hypothesis is 'There will be a positive correlation between frustration and anger in drivers'. Sonia measures anger by asking each driver to rate how angry they feel on a rating scale from 0 (calm) to 5 (very angry).

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2019). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [2] 1 mark for identification of measure
2. [Must be quantitative and on a scale/not nominal so it can be correlated]
3. 1 mark for operationalisation
4. how long they had been in the queue = 1 (identification)
5. time how long they are stationary (e.g. by measuring from when they join the queue to testing in minutes) = 1
6. use a self-report/interview the drivers/give them a questionnaire/using a Likert scale/other closed questions
7. use observation = 1 (identification)
8. horn beeping = 1 (identification)
9. the number of times they beeped their horn = 2 (identification and operationalisation)
10. shouting, swearing, grumbling = 1 (operationalisation by listing)
11. (the amount of) tapping the steering wheel/shouting = 1 (identification)
12. how long (in minutes) they tapped the steering wheel/shouted = 2 (identification and operationalisation)
13. [2] 1 mark for identifying advantage (can be generic)
14. 1 mark for link
15. it is objective/it is not subjective/it does not require interpretation/it will be reliable = 1 (advantage)
16. so the measure of frustration in each driver will be consistent = 2nd mark link
17. it is quantitative/numerical = 1 (advantage)
18. so anger (and frustration) scores can be easily correlated/analysed = 2nd mark link
19. it is easy to observe = 1 (reason)
20. so driver frustration can be recorded without them knowing = 2nd mark link
21. [1] 1 for null hypothesis (does not require operationalisation)
22. 0 marks for an alternative hypothesis
23. 0 marks for negative correlation
24. 0 marks for an experimental null
25. There will be no correlation/relationship between (driver) frustration and anger = 1
26. Any correlation/relationship between (driver) frustration and anger is due to chance = 1
27. Any difference between (driver) frustration and anger is due to chance = 0
28. There will be no difference between (driver) frustration and anger = 0
29. There will be no difference in anger between more and less frustrated drivers = 0
30. [2] 1 mark for identifying either mean, median or mode
31. 1 mark for reason
32. Mean: because this will take the value of each (participant's anger) score into account = 1
33. Median: because rating is an ordinal data/data on a continuous scale = 1
34. because it is not affected by outliers/extreme values = 1
35. Mode: because it would be easy to see how many angry/not angry people there were, e.g. scores of 0,1,2 = not angry, scores of 3,4,5 = angry