Design a study to investigate how much managers know about Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. (a) Typical features for experimental design (if applicable): type, IV, DV, controls, experimental design.
2. (a) Typical features for observations (if applicable): type, setting, response categories, sampling frame, number of observers.
3. (a) Typical features for questionnaires/interviews (if applicable): type, setting, example questions. Scoring/rating scale, analysis of responses.
4. (a) Typical features of research methodology: sampling technique and sample, type of data, ethics, reliability, validity, data analysis.
5. (b) Psychological evidence: Maslow's need-hierarchy (1970) proposes a five-tier (later eight-tier) hierarchy of needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualisation (and later cognitive, aesthetic, transcendent). It states that each level must be satisfied in order for the next to become a motivator. These needs include basic survival (food, drink), protection (safety), belonging (affection, relationships), achievement (esteem, status), understanding (cognitive), appreciation (aesthetic), realizing potential (self-actualisation), and helping others (transcendent).
6. (b) Methodological evidence: explanation of method using typical features as above (e.g., survey or questionnaire design, sampling methods, data analysis of knowledge scores).