Describe ways in which an interview can differ from a questionnaire, using any examples.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [6] 1 mark for each definition, for each type of self report (maximum of 2 marks in total).
2. 1 mark for each example that is linked to one type of self report (maximum of 2 marks in total).
3. Examples can include examples from studies using such questionnaire / interviews, or of ways they could be used.
4. Max 4 if only questionnaires or interviews.
5. interviews are (questions asked) face-to-face; (1 for definition)
6. questionnaires have (questions asked) in written form; (1 for definition)
7. e.g. Piliavin et al. asked people about their response to the victims when they were on the train
8. Baron-Cohen gave participants the AQ (Autism Quotient, a questionnaire) to complete themselves
9. (unstructured) interviews tend to use more open questions / ask for descriptions / detail / produce qualitative data than questionnaires
10. e.g. Schachter and Singer interviewed participants and asked 'how are you feeling?'
11. e.g. Dement and Kleitman asked participants to describe their dream whereas the answers on the AQ are fixed-choice
12. unstructured interviews tend to follow the participant's lead and add new questions whereas questionnaires are much more structured
13. e.g. Dement and Kleitman sometimes went in to the participants to ask them more questions whereas in the questionnaires used by Laney et al. the responses were fixed choice, such as circling a number to say how likely they would be to order a food item.