Two friends, Aarav and Kyra, are discussing the study by Andrade (doodling) in terms of the debate about individual and situational explanations.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Feb/Mar 2019). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] (a) The individual side refers to behaviours from factors within the person (dispositional), e.g. personality;
2. [1] (a) The situational side refers to behaviour from factors in the external environment, e.g. home life.
3. [1] (b) (Aarav) supports the individual side as everyone doodled in different ways, maybe based on their personality type;
4. [1] (b) (Aarav) Evidence: there was a wide variety in the amount of doodles (someone doodled 100 items);
5. [1] (b) (Aarav) for example, people who are extraverts may require to do more than one thing at once to help stimulate themselves and concentrate better.
6. [1] (b) (Kyra) supports the situational side as Andrade had made sure that everyone was bored so the situation caused them to doodle/concentrate more;
7. [1] (b) (Kyra) Evidence: the task itself may have brought about an improvement in concentration as doodling helps them focus more;
8. [1] (b) (Kyra) Evidence: the doodling group did recall more correct names than the control.