In the study by Milgram (obedience), the results he recorded were the final voltage each participant gave to the learner.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] 1 mark for range of 300–450 (volts) / (450 – 300 =) 150 (volts)
2. [2] 1 mark for identification of why the range is useful / what the range tells us (may be generic or linked)
3. Award 1 mark for linking explanation to Milgram's results.
4. ∞ the range tells us how variable / spread the results are = 1 mark
5. ∞ there was a spread of voltages, which shows not everyone is equally obedient = 2 marks
6. ∞ some stopped at 300, which shows that some people are less obedient / more resistant = 2 marks
7. ∞ some participants gave the maximum, so we know that people / Americans can be very obedient = 2 marks
8. [2] relative advantage of standard deviation / disadvantage of the range
9. 1 mark partial, 2 marks full
10. ∞ the range does not indicate how the results are distributed between the extremes / it does not provide information about the spread around the mean = 1 mark
11. ∞ so it does not indicate how many people were close to each end = 1 mark
12. ∞ e.g. you would not know how many people gave (closer to) 300 or gave 450 V with the range = 1 mark