In the study by Giacalone and Rosenfeld (1987), the Sabotage Reasons Questionnaire asked workers to rate each of the sabotage methods on a 7-point scale of 1 (not at all justifiable) to 7 (totally justifiable).

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Feb/Mar 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. Marks: 1 mark for basic answer e.g. identification. +1 mark for elaboration/example.
2. Most likely answer (other appropriate responses to be credited): informed consent: participants volunteered for the study.
3. confidentiality: told they should not write their names or any identifying information on the questionnaires.
4. not deceived: told that management would not have access to their responses.
5. Marks: Question always requires two ‘things'
6. 1 mark basic answer. 2 marks elaboration, twice.
7. Max 2 marks if only 'one' is answered.
8. Most likely answer (other appropriate responses to be credited): Calculation of a mean, median, mode or range – summarising data.
9. Note: if sufficient detail two of these can be credited.
10. Presentation of data using a bar chart – visual and differences can be seen at a glance.
11. Calculation of a statistical test. Not required but is worth credit.
12. Marks: 1–2 marks basic answer. 3–4 marks detailed answer/elaboration (e.g. use of terminology)
13. Most likely answer (other appropriate responses to be credited): The reliability of this questionnaire could be tested in two ways: Test-retest: test given to workers initially and then given to the same workers again after a period of time (e.g. 1 month) and scores compared.
14. Split half: half the 29(!) items into 1–14 and 15–29, or (i) Q1, Q3, Q5 etc. and (ii) Q2, Q4, Q6 etc. and then compare the scores from the two halves.
15. Question always plural of each argument. Question always requires conclusion.
16. 1 mark for each for/against argument up to 4 max.
17. 1 mark for conclusion.
18. Note: If three (or more) arguments for one side, best two credited. If one argument only, max 2 marks.
19. Most likely answer (other appropriate responses to be credited):
20. Advantages a 7-point scale allows a wide range of responses from 'not at all justifiable' to 'totally justifiable'
21. a 7-point scale includes a mid-point, which is neutral, so any participant who really feels neutral can choose this option.
22. a 7-point scale will provide quantitative data that can be statistically analysed.
23. Disadvantages participants could 'opt-out' and give neutral responses (mid-point) for every answer. A participant may do this if they fear that management will see the responses.
24. neutral responses do not help researchers to draw conclusions.
25. A forced 6-point choice does not allow an opt out and a decision, even 51/49 one way or the other must be made.
26. Conclusion: (a decision reached by reasoning) any appropriate conclusion drawn from the discussion that has been presented.
27. Marks: 1 mark if appropriate. 0 marks if the conclusion repeats what has already been stated.