Describe the task that chimpanzees needed to solve in the Yamamoto et al. study (chimpanzee helping).

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [2] (a) 1 mark per correct point x2
2. (a) A chimpanzee had to select and transfer an appropriate tool to another chimpanzee (1 mark) so he/she could solve a task to obtain juice (reward) (1 mark).
3. [2] (b) 1 mark - partial answer, 1 mark - full answer
4. (b) e.g. Could be useful for teachers (1 mark). They can teach children about altruism/empathy by creating a similar task for children to complete (1 mark). They could show footage from the study to show children how helping behaviour is 'good' (alternative 1 mark).
5. (b) We can improve children's social interactions/helping skills by using a targeted game (1 mark).
6. (b) Children can be taught about altruism/empathy (1 mark)/we can educate children to give help even when it is not asked for (1 mark).