In the study by Milgram (obedience), participants took a piece of paper from a hat. They were told that this would decide whether they would be the teacher or the learner.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Feb/Mar 2024). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] Both pieces of paper/slips said teacher.
2. [1] Both the teacher and learner went into an adjacent room.
3. [1] The learner was strapped to an 'electric chair'.
4. [1] The experimenter explained that the straps were to prevent excessive movement.
5. [1] An electrode was attached to the wrist of the learner.
6. [1] Electrode paste was attached to the learner's wrist.
7. [1] They were told that this would preventing blistering/burns.
8. [1] They were told that the electrode was attached to a shock generator.
9. [1] They were told that the shocks would be painful but cause no permanent damage.
10. [1] The teacher (true participant) received a 45v shock.
11. [1] This was achieved by pressing the third button on the shock generator.
12. [1] The procedure was standardised so could be replicated.
13. [1] All participants received a 45v shock.