In the study by Canli et al. (brain scans and emotions), participants viewed scenes.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2023). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. 1 mark per correct point.
2. (The scale was) 0 = not emotionally intense at all;
3. To 3 = extremely emotionally intense;
4. There were four choices / four-point scale (per image);
5. It was a scale of buttons that they had to press;
6. 1 mark for identifying the weakness. 1 mark for linking it to the study.
7. e.g. It was a forced choice (scale) being used (1 mark: identification) so the (four) responses may not exactly represent how the participant actually felt towards the scene (1 mark: link).
8. It is a subjective measurement (1 mark: identification) so participants will have different ideas on emotions / what a '3' means on the scale (1 mark: link).
9. It may lack validity due to small range (1 mark: identification).
10. The sample is difficult to generalise from as they were all female (0 marks: not about the measurement).
11. There are other creditworthy weaknesses.