From the Canli et al. study (brain scans and emotions):

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Feb/Mar 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1 mark per correct part of the procedure noted.] The participants were given an unexpected recognition test; They viewed all previous (96) seen scenes; They viewed 48/new/never seen before foils; The foils were chosen to match the previous scenes on valence/arousal; During the recognition test, participants were asked if they had seen the picture before; If they said yes they had to state 'remember' if they were certain they had seen it; They had to respond with a 'know' if they were less confident that they had seen it; No rating was asked for if they stated that they had not seen it before.
2. [1 mark for identifying a valid reason 1 mark for explaining the reason 1 mark for linking it to the study] It would allow the study to be more easily replicated (1 mark) Therefore, it could be tested for reliability (1 mark) For example knowing how long the picture was presented for means exact replication is possible (1 mark) It would increase the (internal) validity of the study (1 mark) Therefore, cause and effect are (more) likely to be seen (1 mark) For example knowing it was the emotion of the picture causing brain activity (1 mark) It can help to reduce extraneous/uncontrolled variables (1 mark) So that we know it is probably the IV of emotion (1 mark) causing the change in brain activity – the DV (1 mark)