In the study by Schachter and Singer (two factors in emotion), the anger condition used a stooge and a questionnaire.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. 1 mark per correct point made
2. They were told by the experimenter that he would be back in 20 minutes;
3. The stooge complains about the questionnaire with statements about it being unfair;
4. Annoyed at being given shots [injections];
5. The stooge began to show anger;
6. The questions begin with 'innocent' ones before getting more personal;
7. The stooge 'paces' his answers to match that of the participant;
8. The stooge makes standardised comments about various questions;
9. The comments begin with 'innocent' comments but get increasingly hostile;
10. He crumples up the questionnaire (at the end);
11. (At the end) he stamps out of the room;
12. The participants' behaviours were observed through a one-way mirror;
13. Their behaviour was placed into categories/six categories were used.
14. 1 mark can be given for an example of a stooge comment and 1 mark for any of the set questions asked in the questionnaire.
15. It would allow the study to be more easily replicated (1 mark)
16. Therefore, it could be tested for reliability (1 mark)
17. For example having standardised prompts/behaviours for the stooge means exact replication is possible (1 mark)
18. It would increase the (internal) validity of the study (1 mark)
19. Therefore, cause and effect are (more) likely to be seen (1 mark)
20. For example knowing it was 'injection information' causing behavioural changes (1 mark)
21. It can help to reduce extraneous/uncontrolled variables (1 mark)
22. So that we know it is probably the IV of information about the injection [any named one] (1 mark)
23. causing the change in pulse rate/side effects/behaviours shown – the DV (1 mark)