Describe the Zakat Ordinance.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2019). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1-4] (a) Level 1: One mark for each relevant point, two marks for a developed statement
2. [1] (a) In 1980, Zia-ul-Haq imposed a 2.5% wealth tax on savings over a certain amount.
3. [1] (a) Money raised was given to Zakat committees in villages and towns for the poor.
4. [1] (a) Some Muslim groups protested against this since their view of Islamic law was that giving should be voluntary.
5. [1] (a) In 1984, these groups held demonstrations in Islamabad forcing Zia-ul-Haq to accept their objections and exempt them from paying the tax.
6. [0] (a) No evidence submitted or response does not address the question
7. [5-7] (b) Level 3: Explains reasons (Five marks for one explanation, six marks for two explanations, seven marks for three explanations)
8. [1] (b) Jinnah died in 1948 and Liaquat Ali Khan was assassinated in 1951 without these experienced figures it was more difficult to establish a stable government.
9. [1] (b) The problems of running a new country were very difficult to overcome, especially as some of the joint assets were withheld after partition.
10. [1] (b) Relations with India were strained with no agreement on Kashmir.
11. [1] (b) Food shortages followed a drought 1951-53. This, combined with an economic slump, led to rioting which forced changes in the cabinet.
12. [1] (b) Resistance to the One Unit Policy from East Pakistan contributed to a loss of support for Iskander Mirza's government.
13. [2-4] (b) Level 2: Identifies reasons (One mark for each identification)
14. [1] (b) Jinnah died in 1948
15. [1] (b) Governments that followed after Jinnah were inexperienced
16. [1] (b) Level 1: Simple statement (One mark for any simple statement)
17. [1] (b) It was a challenge to build a new country.
18. [0] (b) No evidence submitted or response does not address the question
19. [14] (c) Level 5: Explains with evaluation (As top of Level 4 plus a judgement or evaluation)
20. [9-13] (c) Level 4: Explains the economic reforms AND other reforms (Two explanations, one on the challenges in Sindh and one on another reason, are worth nine marks. Additional explanations awarded up to 13 marks)
21. [1] (c) Economic: The land of smaller farmers was redistributed to farmers with medium sized farms and agriculture was revitalised to such an extent that crop outputs were at record levels.
22. [1] (c) Economic: In 1962, an oil refinery was established in Karachi and a Mineral Development Corporation was set up for the exploration of mineral deposits which contributed significantly to the economy.
23. [1] (c) Economic: An Export Bonus Scheme was set up offering incentives to industrialists who increased exports.
24. [1] (c) Economic: The national economic annual growth rate was 7% and the economy grew three times faster than that of other South Asian countries.
25. [1] (c) Economic: However, the new wealth was concentrated in the hands of a few and did not bring widespread benefits.
26. [1] (c) Other: The government set about improving housing for refugees. A massive new housing development provided new homes for refugees in Karachi, which had a beneficial effect on the lives of these people.
27. [1] (c) Other: Family Planning Programme used the media to persuade people to limit family size to slow population growth rates.
28. [1] (c) Other: In 1959, Basic Democracies were introduced. This was a four tier structure of government, allowing elections at various levels. The success of these councils was such that martial law was lifted.
29. [1] (c) Other: People were prevented from hoarding goods and selling them on at inflated prices. Profiteers had their goods confiscated and many were arrested. As a result, this action brought prices of many goods down and that benefitted people.
30. [1] (c) Other: The price of milk and other goods was fixed to stop profiteering which helped families to manage their weekly budget better.
31. [7-10] (c) Level 3: Explains the economic reforms OR other reforms (One explanation is worth seven marks. Additional explanations awarded up to 10 marks)
32. [3-6] (c) Level 2: Identifies / describes aspects of his reforms (One identification / description is worth three marks. Extra marks are awarded for additional identification / descriptions up to six marks)
33. [1] (c) An oil refinery was established in Karachi
34. [1] (c) A Mineral Development Corporation was set up
35. [1] (c) Family Planning Programme was set up
36. [1] (c) Basic Democracies were introduced
37. [1] (c) Profiteers and hoarders were prosecuted
38. [1-2] (c) Level 1: Simple statement(s) (One simple statement is worth one mark. An answer with additional simple statements is worth two marks)
39. [1] (c) Reforms that affected the economy were very important
40. [0] (c) No evidence submitted or response does not address the question