Describe what happened at the Battle of Kanpur.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2024). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] In 1857, Indian troops led by Nana Sahib rose up against the British.
2. [1] British troops were trapped for three weeks and surrendered after being promised safe passage from the city.
3. [1] Nana Sahib's forces then attacked the British troops, killing 300 women and children and keeping survivors as prisoners.
4. [1] British reinforcements arrived, recaptured the city and carried out multiple acts of revenge.
5. [1] Urdu was already widely understood in Pakistan
6. [1] Quaid-e-Azam saw Urdu as an important unifying force
7. [1] It was associated with the Pakistan Movement
8. [1] It has a rich literary heritage
9. [1] It has important links to the Islamic religion
10. [1] Shah Waliullah wanted to stop the decline of Islam (contribution)
11. [1] He translated the Quran into Persian (contribution)
12. [1] He tried to unite different Muslim groups (contribution)
13. [1] Syed Ahmad Barelvi founded the Jihad Movement (contribution)
14. [1] Syed Ahmad Barelvi founded the Mujahideen (contribution)
15. [1] Haji Shariatullah established the Faraizi Movement (contribution)
16. [1] Haji Shariatullah wanted all Muslims to relinquish non-Muslim practices (contribution)