O-LevelPakistan StudiesThe environment of PakistanOct/Nov 2018 · Q125 Marks

Study Figs. 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 (Insert), photographs showing different crops growing in Pakistan.

(a)(i)Identify the crops shown in each photograph Fig. 1.1 Fig. 1.2 Fig. 1.3 Fig. 1.4[4]
(a)(ii)State what any two of the crops shown in Figs. 1.1–1.4 are used for. Name of crop Use Name of crop Use[2]
(b)(i)Explain the ideal natural growing conditions needed to produce cotton. You should develop your answer.[4]
(b)(ii)Describe how environmental factors can harm the cotton crop.[4]
(c)(i)Study Fig. 1.5, a map outline of Pakistan. [Figure 1.5] On Fig. 1.5 shade and name the provinces where oilseeds are grown.[3]
(c)(ii)State two reasons why oilseeds are grown in these provinces. 1 2[2]
(d)Pakistan is an agricultural country, yet a recent United Nations report placed Pakistan on a list of countries facing food shortage in the future. Read the following two views about ways to prevent future food shortages in Pakistan: A The best way to prevent food shortages is to increase food production for the domestic market. B The best way to prevent food shortages is to increase food imports for the domestic market. Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider View A and View B in your answer.[6]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] Fig. 1.1 = Rice
[1] Fig. 1.2 = Sugar cane
[1] Fig. 1.3 = Cotton
[1] Fig. 1.4 = Wheat
[1] Rice - used for exports / foreign exchange / food / flour;
[1] Sugar cane - making sugar / brown sugar / gur / fuel / by products or e.g. molasses / bagasse;
[1] Cotton - making clothes / soft furnishings / bed linen / making fibre / yarn / fabric;
[1] Wheat - making of bread and other baked products / feed for livestock / flour.
[1] Ideal temperature is 25–35 °C (e.g. so crop grows well / without these temperatures crop will not grow well);
[1] Mild (moderate) night time temperature / not too cold at night (e.g. so crop is not damaged or spoilt by frost);
[1] Dry sunny days (e.g. so harvest is productive / high yielding / ripening);
[1] 500–1000 mm rainfall / plenty (ample) of rainfall (e.g. to avoid extra irrigation / high yielding);
[1] (Medium) loam soil / loamy (e.g. fertile soil / high in nutrients / high yielding);
[1] Natural manure (e.g. cheaper / easily available / maintain fertility / avoid crop rotation / high yields);
[1] Flat land / level land / terraces (e.g. allows use of mechanisation / easy to plough, sow or harvest);
Note: One mark for identification of appropriate idea and a further mark for development (in parentheses).
Note: Max. 2 marks if no development.
[1] Rain at harvesting time (will spoil the boll);
[1] Sensitive to frost;
[1] Leaf curl virus;
[1] Drought / lack of rainfall / lack of water;
[1] Flood / heavy rainfall;
[1] Sudden changes in temperature / too hot / too cold;
[1] Pest or insect attack;
[1] Strong winds;
[1] Salinity / waterlogging.
[1] Shade on the map at least two of the following provinces: Sindh, Punjab, KPK or Balochistan (must shade entire province)
[1] Name any two of the named provinces above accurately, i.e. in the correct location.
[1] Tolerant of a range of climate conditions / can grow in a wide range of different climates / fertile soil or nutrient rich soil / flat land;
[1] Time of year (Rabi crop) / grown over winter;
[1] Land needed for more high value crops in summer;
[1] Irrigation system / water from river Indus;
[1] Domestic market or example;
[1] Industrial uses or example;
[1] Animal fodder.
No valid response [0]
Level 1 [1-2]: Simple point addressing any view (1) / Simple points addressing any view (2)
Level 2 [3-4]: Developed point(s) explaining one view (3) / Developed point(s) explaining both views (4) / No evaluation
Level 3 [5-6]: Developed points explaining both views / Evaluation giving clear support to one view or appropriate example (5) / Evaluation giving clear support to one view and appropriate example (6)
Content Guide (View A: Increase food production for the domestic market):
[~] Positive ideas for improving wheat production as a staple food source for the population of Pakistan;
[~] Food is more important than producing cash crops;
[~] Do not want to rely on other countries for food imports;
[~] Incentives for farmers;
[~] People able to work as have more energy;
[~] Imported food is more expensive than home grown food;
[~] Wider variety of products grown domestically;
[~] Improve balance of payments / reduces imports;
[~] May provide more jobs in farming;
[~] Provide incentives to farmers to grow the oilseed rather than import it;
Content Guide (View B: increase food imports for the domestic market):
[~] Increase number of trade partners;
[~] Can use the land in Pakistan for producing higher value goods / crops for export;
[~] Wider variety of foods can be imported;
[~] Wider / more varied diets available;
[~] Can eat foods all year round e.g. do not have to wait for them to be in season;
[~] People can work in manufacturing or service industries which are higher paying and less labour intensive;
[~] Fewer people will need to be subsistence farmers;