Who was Warren Hastings?

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2017). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] (a) 1782, first Governor General / Viceroy of India
2. [1] (a) British / English statesman
3. [1] (a) Introduced a number of reforms in administration, revenue, finance, commerce and the judiciary
4. [1] (a) Developed policies relating to Oudh and Rohilla
5. [1] (a) Involved in several wars including the Anglo-Maratha and the Anglo-Mysore
6. [1] (a) A patron of the arts
7. [7] (b) The Marathas controlled vast lands that had been part of the Mughal Empire, but they found it difficult to control and administer. This led to problems in fighting off threats from other armies confirming that the empire was now too big for them to protect or defend.
8. [7] (b) Maratha families began to show more loyalty to local rulers rather than the Maratha leaders in the capital city of Pune. As a result, cracks began to show in Maratha unity and control. Their grip on the empire was weakened.
9. [7] (b) The invading Afghans defeated the Maratha army at Panipat in 1761, thousands of soldiers and important administrators were killed, ending Maratha control.
10. [14] (c) Indian success: Tipu the Sultan of Mysore held off British attempts to overthrow him towards the end of the eighteenth century, matching British weapons with rockets, cannons and muskets.
11. [14] (c) Indian success: Titu Mir raised an army of 15 000 against the British. He built a bamboo fort at Narkelbaria in 1831 and defeated the British forces sent to destroy it.
12. [14] (c) Indian success: The British were unwilling / unable to annex the Punjab in the lifetime of Ranjit Singh (the leader of the Sikhs who occupied the Punjab). He halted British expansion through treaties and agreements with them.
13. [14] (c) British success: Conquests of the British against weaker opposition who were disunited with different religions and cultures and were unable to work together.
14. [14] (c) British success: The strength of the British army was eventually overwhelming.
15. [14] (c) Judgement/evaluation: For Level 5, an evaluative conclusion on 'how far' Indian resistance was successful, weighing successes against eventual British dominance.