This question is about the influence of Indian leaders in the subcontinent between 1750 and 1840. Study the sources (Insert) carefully and then answer the questions which follow.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2023). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] Mir Jafar allowed the British 'to take important lands around Calcutta'
2. [1] he made 'regular payments of huge sums of money to the British'
3. [1] 'Mir Jafar's actions allowed the British to strengthen their trading position'
4. [1] he 'almost brought about Bengal's economic collapse'
5. [1] Mir Jafar 'was accused of betraying his country and his people'
6. [1] 'Mir Jafar made an agreement with the British'
7. [1] 'his relationship with the British'
8. [1] (Surface feature) Tipu Sultan is resting on the knee of a soldier
9. [1] (Surface feature) he is surrounded by soldiers
10. [1] (Surface feature) the soldiers are carrying weapons/rifles with bayonets and swords
11. [1] (Surface feature) a soldier is carrying a torch
12. [1] (Surface feature) they are by a stone building/wall
13. [1] (Surface feature) there are different uniforms
14. [1] (Surface feature) there is a second body in the picture
15. [1] (Surface feature) someone, not a soldier, is present clasping his hands
16. [1] (Surface feature) one of the soldiers is holding Tipu Sultan's hand
17. [1] (Surface feature) the soldiers looked shocked/surprised
18. [1] (Valid inference) it was a sad incident
19. [1] (Valid inference) it was a serious/significant incident
20. [1] (Valid inference) Tipu Sultan/his body was respected
21. [1] (Valid inference) it was an unexpected event
22. [1] (Valid inference) it was a brutal death
23. [1] (Valid inference) it was a brave/soldier's death
24. [1] (Contextual knowledge) the death occurred in Fort Seringapatam
25. [1] (Contextual knowledge) Tipu Sultan died on 4 May 1799
26. [1] (Contextual knowledge) Tipu Sultan was a revered leader, known as a freedom fighter/Tiger of Mysore
27. [1] (Contextual knowledge) with Tipu's death, Mysore came under British control
28. [1] Titu Mir advocated jihad against 'non-Islamic actions'
29. [1] Titu Mir raised awareness of the sufferings of Muslim farmers in West Bengal during 1830s
30. [1] Titu Mir gave Muslim farmers a cause the fight back at the sufferings they encountered
31. [1] Titu Mir organised a rebellion against zamindars
32. [1] Titu Mir advised Muslim farmers to not pay the tax on beards
33. [1] Titu Mir set up his own fort/commune near Calcutta with a small army
34. [2] (May agree) Haidar Ali was undefeated against the British army (defeated the British Bombay army in 1767, broke the siege of Bangalore in 1768, captured Arcot in 1780)
35. [1] (May agree) Haidar Ali signed a treaty with the British to end the war in 1769
36. [1] (May agree) Tipu Sultan defeated a British army at Kollidam in 1782
37. [1] (May agree) in 1784 Tipu Sultan made peace with the British and became the Sultan of Mysore
38. [1] (May agree) Tipu Sultan invaded Travancore in 1789 which was a British ally
39. [1] (May agree) Ranjit Singh signed agreements with the British in 1806 and 1838
40. [1] (May agree) Titu Mir recruited 500 local militiamen to harass the zamindars and the British forces supporting them
41. [1] (May agree) Titu Mir built a fort at Narkelbaria to protect himself and his forces against British reprisals
42. [1] (Counter-argument) Tipu Sultan was defeated by the British at Seringapatam in 1799
43. [1] (Counter-argument) resistance to the British from the Marathas disappeared after 1818
44. [1] (Counter-argument) Titu Mir was killed in battle in 1831 when his forces were attacked
45. [1] (Counter-argument) Titu Mir's fort was destroyed by British cannons
46. [1] (Counter-argument) the British had a strong and well-trained army
47. [1] (Counter-argument) the British had a good administrative system
48. [1] (Counter-argument) the British conquests had seized vast resources, especially in Bengal, battle of Buxar etc.
49. [1] (Counter-argument) the death of Ranjit Singh marked the end of effective resistance