O-LevelBiologyTransport in Humans5090/22 · May/June 2020 · Q510 Marks
The diagram shows the human breathing system. [Figure 5 (Diagram showing the human breathing system, with structures labelled X and Y. X points to the trachea/bronchi and Y points to the lungs.)] The photomicrographs below show further details of the two components labelled X and Y, from the breathing system of a non-smoker seen using a light microscope. [Figure 5 (Photomicrograph A shows magnification of X, which appears to be ciliated epithelial tissue. Photomicrograph B shows magnification of Y, which appears to be lung tissue with alveoli.)]
- (a)(i)Name the structures labelled A.[1]
- (a)(ii)Describe the role of the structures labelled A.[2]
- (b)(i)Name the structures labelled B.[1]
- (b)(ii)Describe the changes to the structures labelled B that would be caused by tobacco smoke and explain the possible effects on a smoker of these changes.[4]
- (b)(iii)Outline two reasons why many people regard smoking as socially unacceptable.[2]
This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.
Mark scheme
Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2020). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.
- [1] cilia;
- [1] move + up / away from lungs ;
- [1] mucus;
- [1] (containing trapped) bacteria / pathogens / dust ;
- [1] alveoli / air sac ;
- [1] walls broken down AW;
- [1] less surface area;
- [1] less gas exchange;
- [1] reference to diffusion;
- [1] emphysema ;
- [1] shortness of breath / difficulty breathing AW ;
- [1] less oxygen + to cells / muscles ;
- [1] less aerobic + respiration ;
- [1] physical activity difficult AW ;
- [1] reference to passive smoking AW / effect on person other than the smoker ;
- [1] smell;
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