O-LevelBiologyTransport in Humans5090/22 · May/June 2018 · Q213 Marks

The diagram shows the human heart. The blood vessel labelled F may become narrowed as shown. [Figure: Human heart with blood vessel F and a magnified view of its narrowing]

(a)(i)Name blood vessel F.[1]
(a)(ii)Name the disease caused by the narrowing of this blood vessel.[1]
(a)(iii)State three factors that may lead to the narrowing of this blood vessel. 1 2 3[3]
(a)(iv)Suggest and explain how a person might be affected by the disease caused by the narrowing of blood vessel F.[5]
(b)It is possible to treat the disease caused by the narrowing of blood vessel F, by carrying out an operation. In the operation: • a balloon surrounded by a metal mesh is inserted into the blood vessel and inflated, • the balloon is then deflated and removed, leaving the metal mesh in place. [Figure: Diagram showing balloon angioplasty with stent: blood vessel, balloon, hollow metal mesh] Suggest the purpose of each of the following: inflating the balloon, leaving the hollow metal mesh in the blood vessel.[3]

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Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] coronary artery ;
[1] coronary heart disease / heart disease / CHD / atherosclerosis / cardiac disease / arteriosclerosis / angina;
[3] 1 fat / oil / cholesterol + diet AW ;
2 stress AW ; A 'anxiety' / 'depression' for point 2
3 smoking;
4 genetics / inheritance AW ;
5 lack of exercise;
6 old age;
7 obesity;
[5] 1 heart attack AW / heart stops / angina AW / breathlessness ;
2 less blood + to body / tissues / organs or any named ;
3 less oxygen / glucose + to body / tissues / organs or any named ;
4 less aerobic respiration or more anaerobic respiration ;
5 production of lactic acid;
6 less ability AW + of heart to contract / pump blood ;
7 less ability AW to carry out physical activity;
[3] (inflating the balloon) 1 opens metal mesh AW ;
2 push / compress + blockage / fat ;
(leaving the hollow metal mesh in the blood vessel)
3 widen AW + blood vessel / lumen AW;
4 maintain AW + wider lumen AW ;
5 increase AW + blood flow ;

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