The issue of Palestinian refugees was affected by several different factors.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2022). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians fled areas captured by Israel in the war.
2. [1] Palestinians fled from the West Bank, Gaza and the Golan Heights.
3. [1] Palestinians fled into Jordan, Egypt and Syria.
4. [1] Israel destroyed Palestinian villages and the homeless Palestinians had to flee.
5. [1] Refugee camps were set up in neighbouring countries like Jordan.
6. [1] The refugee problem was made much worse.
7. [1] Some of the Palestinian refugees joined resistance groups and used terrorist methods against Israel.
8. [1] They did this because they wanted to bring about some changes in Palestine.
9. [1] The PLO argued that it had no other methods at its disposal.
10. [1] The PLO argued that these tactics would put pressure on other countries to change their policies towards Palestinian refugees.
11. [1] The PLO started to use violent tactics after the 1967 war.
12. [1] It did this after Yasser Arafat became Chairman of the organisation.
13. [1] It did this because peaceful methods had not been very effective in winning attention to its cause.
14. [1] The PLO argued that since violence had been used against Palestinians, it was therefore justifiable to use violence in response.
15. [Explanation L3] The PLO argued that it was legitimate to use violent tactics because its attempts at using peaceful methods had not achieved much. By 1967, it was still a little-known organisation. The use of terror led to the PLO attracting international attention to the plight of the Palestinians. It began to carry out violence outside Israel such as airplane hijackings to create even more media coverage. Soon, Arafat was invited to speak to the UN General Assembly.
16. [1] I think this was a major cause, although there were several other important factors that help explain it.
17. [1] Palestinian villagers feared another Deir Yassin massacre.
18. [1] Palestinians did not want to live under Israeli control, so they left.
19. [1] Palestinians were driven out by the Israelis who destroyed their villages.
20. [1] Israel passed a series of laws preventing Arabs from returning.
21. [1] The Arab armies forced the Palestinians to leave their villages.
22. [1] The Arabs wanted propaganda to use against Israel.
23. [Explanation L3 (Israel expelling Palestinians)] I think this is true. During and shortly after the war, Israel drove Palestinians from their villages. They attacked hundreds of villages and caused the Palestinians to panic and flee. The people fled to refugee camps and Israel said that they could not return home unless Israel was allowed to keep all the land it had won in the war. Therefore, the refugees were forced to stay in the camps, which soon became permanent.
24. [Explanation L3 (Arab Liberation Army/Arab states)] I disagree. Palestinians did flee from their villages during the war but the Arab Liberation Army was mainly to blame for this. During the war, Palestinians were forced to leave their villages by Arab countries. This let them blame the exodus on Israel and gave them excellent anti-Israeli propaganda. The Arab states also claimed they would enjoy a quick victory and so the Palestinians agreed to leave because they thought they would be back very soon.