Many white South Africans benefited from the country's economic development.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2022). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] The government introduced tariffs to help South African industries.
2. [1] Public corporations were set up to stimulate the economy and help manufacturing industries.
3. [1] Cheap electricity was provided for manufacturing businesses.
4. [1] The steel industry's production went up steeply.
5. [1] It did this because it thought it was very important and had to be supported.
6. [1] This was because agriculture was the biggest industry in South Africa and so had to be helped.
7. [1] Agriculture was facing many difficult problems.
8. [1] Farmers suffered from drought and falling prices.
9. [1] One third of the population in South Africa was dependent on agriculture.
10. [Explanation L3] The government supported agriculture in the 1930s because it was facing many problems at the time. There were droughts and a fall in prices for farm produce. The government decided that farmers badly needed help and gave them loans and grants and other help.
11. [1] The issue of land ownership was very important for black South Africans because it was central to their lives.
12. [1] Black South Africans were given the poorest land.
13. [1] Black South Africans were given very little land to share between them.
14. [1] On the reserves their land had soil erosion and little water supply.
15. [1] The pass system was very unpopular with black South Africans.
16. [1] Towns were segregated with the best areas reserved for white South Africans.
17. [1] The gap in the standard of living between black and white South Africans was big and growing.
18. [Explanation L3 (Land ownership most important)] Land ownership was very important for black South Africans. This was because the Native Land Act allocated a very small amount of the land in South Africa to the black population. This meant that farming collapsed for black South Africans. They were not allowed to buy land outside their reserves and there was not enough land in the reserves for all the black South Africans to support themselves. The land was exhausted through over-use and the standard of living went right down.
19. [Explanation L3 (Other issues more important)] I think there were other issues that were more important. Segregation mattered a lot to black South Africans. The Native Urban Areas Act introduced segregated housing in towns so that there were white only areas. The pass system was also very unpopular and was used to control the movement of black South Africans. There was also segregation in employment where white South Africans were paid more and treated better.