The New Deal had to address many problems.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2022). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] The Agricultural Adjustment Act rewarded farmers for cutting production.
2. [1] Farmers were given low interest loans.
3. [1] The TVA did a lot of work to stop erosion, which helped farmers.
4. [1] Farm workers and share-croppers were helped to move to better land.
5. [1] The New Deal made food prices go up and farmers' incomes doubled.
6. [1] The New Deal helped farmers with their mortgages.
7. [1] The Farm Security Agency was able to spread the knowledge of the plight of farmers.
8. [1] Roosevelt did this because the banking system was very important and needed to be fixed quickly.
9. [1] Many banks had failed.
10. [1] People had been withdrawing money from banks in large quantities.
11. [1] People's confidence in the banks had to be restored.
12. [1] The banking system needed to work properly for the economy to recover.
13. [1] It had been the run on the banks that had caused so much trouble, so this problem had to be dealt with.
14. [1] The banking system fed money into the rest of the system.
15. [1] Banks were needed to invest in the economy.
16. [1] The failure of the banking system caused the downfall of the economy.
17. [Explanation L3] The banks were at the centre of the whole system. People had queued to get their money out of the banks and many of them had collapsed. The banks were crucial to any recovery and had to be fixed before anything else. Roosevelt focused on making people have confidence in the banks again. He closed all the banks and only opened those that the government said were sound. This led to people putting their money in banks again.
18. [1] Republicans did not believe that the government should have more power.
19. [1] Republicans believed that people should stand on their own two feet and look after themselves and their families.
20. [1] Republicans disliked the extra powers that schemes like the TVA gave to government.
21. [1] Business leaders believed that they should be left alone to run their own companies.
22. [1] Father Coughlin believed the New Deal was not doing enough to help the poor.
23. [1] Huey Long thought that wealth should be redistributed.
24. [1] Some people thought that the New Deal should have provided old age pensions.
25. [1] Some people thought the New Deal should have gone further to help people.
26. [Explanation L3 (Increased government power)] Republicans opposed the New Deal because it increased the power of the government. They believed that people should support themselves and that the government should not intervene to help them or to control the economy. Roosevelt's New Deal did this. It gave the unemployed, farmers and industry a lot of help and schemes like the TVA gave the government a lot more power.
27. [Explanation L3 (Other reasons)] There were other reasons why the New Deal was opposed. Some people did not think it was going far enough in giving people enough help. Huey Long wanted to redistribute wealth by taking money away from the very rich. Other people thought that the New Deal was not helping the poor enough while others thought that there should be old age pensions and started Townsend Clubs to organise this.