Option A: Nineteenth century topic WAS AUSTRIA THE MOST IMPORTANT OBSTACLE TO ITALIAN UNIFICATION? Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. Study Sources A and B. How far do these two sources agree? Explain your answer using details of the sources.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2021). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [6-7] Level 4: Agreement and disagreement of detail or sub-messages
2. [3-5] Level 3: Agreement or disagreement of detail or sub-messages
3. Agreements: Papacy a block to unification, local loyalties were a block, Austria in control of much of Italy, Austria a barrier to unification, Italians were slow to accept idea of Italy/political ideas/unity
4. Disagreements: biggest barrier to unification was in A slowness of Italians to accept idea of united Italy, in B Austria; in A foreign rule was welcomed, in B it was not; in A France was regarded as a possible ally, in B it was not.
5. [2] Level 2: Identifies information that is in one source but not in the other or states that the sources are about the same subject. OR Compares the provenance of the sources
6. [1] Level 1: Writes about the sources but makes no valid comparison.
7. [0] Level 0: No evidence submitted, or response does not address the question