SECTION B: DEPTH STUDIES. Depth study B: Germany, 1918–45. The Nazi regime had firm ideas about how society should be structured.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2024). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] The family would be Aryan.
2. [1] They would be blonde and have blue eyes.
3. [1] Hitler did not want any other race/disability in the family.
4. [1] The family would be loyal to Hitler.
5. [1] The family structure would be traditional.
6. [1] Parents would be married and would have several children.
7. [1] The role of women in the family would be as homemakers and mothers.
8. [1] The father would be the breadwinner.
9. [1] Women in the perfect family would stay at home rather than going out to work.
10. [1] Boys would be members of the Hitler Youth.
11. [1] Girls would be members of the League of German Maidens.
12. [6] Level 4: Explains two reasons.
13. [4-5] Level 3: Explains one reason. Four marks for one explanation, five marks for explanation supported by specific contextual knowledge.
14. [4] Hitler's regime brought benefits to the working class because he provided jobs. When he came to power in 1933, there were 6 million unemployed. He created jobs through the rearmament programme and conscription. His public works schemes and the building of the autobahns created more jobs. This meant workers were able to support their families and enjoy a better life.
15. [2-3] Level 2: Identifies or describes valid reason(s); addresses the question but does not explain. One Level 2 mark for each identification/description.
16. [1] Unemployment was almost removed.
17. [1] Rearmament and conscription meant there was more work.
18. [1] Public works schemes provided employment.
19. [1] Men between 18 and 25 who were unemployed were enlisted into the National Labour Service.
20. [1] The Strength through Joy organisation provided many benefits.
21. [1] The Beauty of Labour improved factory conditions.
22. [1] Level 1: The Nazis gave many benefits to the working class.
23. [0] Level 0: No creditable response. 0 marks
24. [10] Level 5: Explains both sides and supports a valid judgement on 'how far'. One explanation or more on each side.
25. [10] It is hard to say whether the Nazis won over young people. It is clear that some did not support the Nazis, such as the Edelweiss Pirates and the Swing movement. These groups were opposed to Nazi ideas but were small compared to the 7 million who joined the Hitler Youth. Although the Hitler Youth offered some attractive activities which might have enticed young people to join, there were also lectures about politics which might not have been so appealing. In any case, it is hard to tell whether people joined because they were put under pressure to do so and it is difficult to know whether they were convinced by Nazi propaganda.
26. [7-9] Level 4: Explains both sides. For candidates to be awarded this level they must have one explanation on each side.
27. [4-6] Level 3: Explains one side. One Level 3 mark for each explanation.
28. [4] In some ways the Nazis did seem to win the support of young people. By 1939, the Hitler Youth had over 7 million members. Many were happy to join because there were offered activities such as camping and playing sports. Nazi ideas were reinforced through the youth organisations and this may have encouraged young people to support Hitler.
29. [4] There is some evidence that the Nazis did not succeed in winning over the young. Even when it was compulsory to join the Hitler Youth, over a million did not. Many joined the Catholic Youth Organisation instead. Some young people considered themselves part of a wider group called the Edelweiss Pirates. They were anti-authority and anti-Nazi. During the War they helped deserters and escaped prisoners.
30. [2-3] Level 2: Identifies or describes valid points; addresses the question but does not explain. One Level 2 mark for each identification/description.
31. [1] Hitler gained support through indoctrination.
32. [1] Over 7 million joined the Hitler Youth.
33. [1] Young people enjoyed the leisure activities.
34. [1] Young people enjoyed the rallies, the marching and the uniforms.
35. [1] The school curriculum was changed to encourage support from young people.
36. [1] Some joined the Catholic Youth.
37. [1] The Swing movement rejected Nazi control.
38. [1] The Edelweiss Pirates were anti-Nazi.
39. [1] Hitler had to make it compulsory to be in the Hitler Youth in 1936.
40. [1] Popularity fell with the onset of the Second World War.
41. [1] Level 1: Writes about the topic but does not address the question.
42. [1] The Nazi regime placed a lot of importance on gaining the support of young people.
43. [0] Level 0: No creditable response. 0 marks