The Nazis did as much as they could to try and ensure they faced little opposition.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2021). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1-4] e.g. 'Radio stations were used for Nazi propaganda.'
2. [1-4] 'Radios were in public places and work places so that everyone could hear Hitler's speeches.'
3. [1-4] 'Spectacular rallies were held to make the Nazis look great and to celebrate dates like Hitler's birthday.'
4. [1-4] 'Mass media was used to create the personality cult of Hitler.'
5. [1-4] 'Goebbels had posters put up everywhere supporting Nazi values.'
6. [1-4] 'Newspapers were used to spread support for the Nazi government and anti-Nazi papers were shut down.'
7. [1-4] 'Theatre, cinema and music were used to support Nazi values.'
8. [1-4] 'Books were censored or burnt.'
9. [1-4] 'The 'Aryan family' was promoted by using mass media.'
10. [4-5] e.g. 'Kristallnacht was important because it was a turning point in the nature of Nazi persecution of the Jews. There was a change from economic and social persecution to physical persecutions with Jews being murdered and beaten. It can be seen as an important step towards the Holocaust. The Nazis were no longer just trying to eject Jews from Germany but were now thinking of destroying them.'
11. [2-3] e.g. 'It was a prelude to the Final Solution.'
12. [2-3] 'It was a big step up in the persecution of German Jews.'
13. [2-3] 'Hundreds of Jews were killed.'
14. [2-3] 'Large numbers were sent to concentration camps.'
15. [2-3] 'It was an attempt by Goebbels to improve his standing with Hitler.'
16. [2-3] 'Jewish homes and businesses were ransacked and destroyed throughout Germany.'
17. [2-3] 'It led to an increase in the number of Jews leaving Germany.'
18. [2-3] 'It was a turning point in relations between Germany and many countries around the world.'
19. [4-6] e.g. 'I disagree with this. There was some opposition and it did have an effect. There were the youth groups like the Edelweiss Pirates who during the war carried out acts of sabotage, helped army deserters and even assassinated a Gestapo chief. The Nazis were worried about them because they executed many of their leaders in 1944.'
20. [4-6] OR e.g. 'The opposition was not effective and there were no uprisings against Nazi rule. This was partly because the opposition was weak and partly because the Nazis used force and terror to deal with any signs of opposition. The Gestapo spied on people and arrested any possible trouble-makers, and the SS put any opponents into concentration camps. Trade Unions were banned, so they could do nothing and Communists and Social Democrats had to work underground and achieved little.'
21. [2-3] e.g. 'Opposition was led by churchmen over euthanasia.'
22. [2-3] 'As a result, the Nazis stopped their programme of euthanasia.'
23. [2-3] 'The Edelweiss Pirates were so effective during the war that the Nazis executed their leaders.'
24. [2-3] 'Trade Unions did manage to organise strikes and demonstrations.'
25. [2-3] 'Communists and Social Democrats did manage to circulate newspapers and pamphlets.'
26. [2-3] 'Opposition was more effective when the war started to go badly for the Nazis.'
27. [2-3] 'White Rose denounced Nazi policies in their leaflets.'
28. [2-3] 'The army bomb plot of 1944 failed.'
29. [2-3] 'The Gestapo spied on everyone and stopped any serious trouble.'
30. [2-3] 'The Kreisau Circle achieved little and they were all arrested.'
31. [2-3] 'The youth groups were an irritant but never posed a real threat.'
32. [2-3] 'The SS and the Gestapo put many opponents to the regime into concentration camps.'
33. [2-3] 'Many opposition groups like White Rose were rounded up by the Gestapo and executed.'
34. [2-3] 'Many people silently opposed the Nazis.'