The Nazis used different methods to maintain control.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2023). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1-4] Level 1 One mark for each relevant point; additional mark for supporting detail
2. [1] The Nazis took control of the courts.
3. [1] All magistrates and judges had to take an oath of loyalty to Hitler.
4. [1] Jewish judges and lawyers were sacked.
5. [1] Special courts were established for political crimes.
6. [1] The number of offences which carried the death penalty was increased from 3 to 43.
7. [1] Telling anti-Nazi jokes carried the death penalty.
8. [1] Opponents rarely received a fair trial.
9. [1] Nazis who committed crimes rarely went to court.
10. [1] Political snooping was added to normal law and order rule.
11. [6] Level 4 Explains TWO reasons
12. [4-5] Level 3 Explains ONE reason
13. [4] The Nazis persecuted racial minorities because they believed in the Master Race theory. Hitler claimed that the Germans were Aryan and were physically and intellectually superior to all other races. Non-Aryans, such as the Jews, were blamed for setbacks such as defeat in the First World War or the Great Depression.
14. [2-3] Level 2 Identifies AND/OR describes reasons
15. [1] Hitler thought the Germans were Aryans.
16. [1] He believed the Aryans were a master race which was superior to other races.
17. [1] Hitler blamed the Jews for problems facing Germany.
18. [1] Hitler was anti-Semitic.
19. [1] Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany's defeat in the 1st World War.
20. [1] Gypsies were not Aryans.
21. [1] The Nazis believed that racial minority groups were inferior and lazy.
22. [1] Level 1 General answer lacking specific contextual knowledge
23. [1] The Nazis did not like people who were not the same as them.
24. [10] Level 5 Explains with evaluation of 'how far'
25. [7-9] Level 4 Explanation of both sides
26. [4-6] Level 3 One-sided explanation OR one explanation of both sides 5 to 6 marks
27. [4] In some ways the Church was a threat to the Nazis. Many young Germans belonged to church youth groups and these were seen as a rival to the Hitler Youth and were closed. The Pope criticised the Nazis for being anti-Christian and for their abuse of human rights. Priests and nuns who read out the Pope's comments were sent to concentration camps.
28. [4] There were other groups who opposed the Nazis. For instance, some young people joined The Edelweiss Pirates or the 'Swing Movement.' These groups did not believe Nazi ideas and did not accept the traditional Nazi culture. This showed that Hitler was not winning over the support of the people he most wanted to gain.
29. [2-3] Level 2 Identifies AND/OR describes
30. [1] The pagan German Faith Movement was opposed to the regime.
31. [1] Pope Pius XI denounced Nazism as anti-Christian.
32. [1] Nuns and priests were sent to concentration camps.
33. [1] Bishop Galen denounced euthanasia and forced sterilisation.
34. [1] Pastor Niemöller was sent to a concentration camp.
35. [1] Bonhoeffer preached against the Nazis.
36. [1] The Reich Church was not successful.
37. [1] The 'Swing Movement' and the Edelweiss Pirates offended the Nazis.
38. [1] The White Rose group opposed the Nazis.
39. [1] Some women resented having to give up their jobs.
40. [1] There was opposition from some army officers in the July Bomb Plot.
41. [1] Level 1 General answer lacking specific contextual knowledge
42. [1] Most people who opposed the Nazis were too afraid to speak out against them.