Demand for change led to revolution breaking out in Germany in 1848.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2022). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] The Frankfurt Parliament was formed in 1848.
2. [1] The Frankfurt Parliament was called to discuss reforms.
3. [1] It attempted to draft a constitution for a unified Germany.
4. [1] It was hoped this would bring an end to the revolutions in Germany.
5. [1] The constitution was completed in March 1849.
6. [1] The deputies were elected.
7. [1] To be free from Austrian control.
8. [1] To have their proposed Constitution accepted.
9. [1] To be able to introduce reform.
10. [1] To establish a German Empire.
11. [Level 3/4 explanation example] The Frankfurt Parliament wanted the King to accept the crown so that the Constitution they had proposed would be accepted in Prussia. This would allow the Parliament to introduce reforms which had popular support and to create a new German Empire free from Austrian control.
12. [1] Frederick William IV of Prussia introduced some liberal reforms.
13. [1] They were not successful because demands were initially agreed to and then power was regained.
14. [1] The Frankfurt Parliament failed.
15. [1] There were many divisions in the Frankfurt Parliament.
16. [1] The liberals wanted to draft a constitution.
17. [1] The radicals wanted a law-making parliament.
18. [1] It needed to decide whether Germany should include Austria.
19. [Level 3 explanation example - achieved little] The revolutions in Germany didn't achieve their aim to be united and free from Austrian control. Liberals and nationalists met to draft a new constitution but failed. Prussian attempts to become leader of a united Germany were quashed by Austria.
20. [Level 3 explanation example - achieved some changes] However, there were some changes because of the 1848 revolutions in Germany. Reforms were introduced in some parts of the country. The German governments agreed to create three constituent assemblies at Berlin, Vienna, and Frankfurt by which democratic constitutions were to be drafted for Prussia, Austria, and Germany. Although the Frankfurt Parliament was closed in 1849, it had begun a series of debates about the way German states were ruled and the rights which should be given to the people.