The Versailles settlement had different consequences for different countries.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2020). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] It was designed to make Germany take responsibility for starting the war.
2. [1] It allowed the Allies to charge Germany reparations of £6600 million for the damage caused in the war.
3. [1] To punish Germany.
4. [1] It was added to get the French and Belgians to agree to reduce reparations.
5. [1] It removed blame for the outbreak of war from the Allies.
6. [6] Level 4 Explains TWO reasons
7. [5] Level 3 Explains ONE reason (e.g. Plebiscites were held because boundaries changed after empires were broken up and changes were confirmed by the peace settlement, such as those for the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The votes were held to establish which countries the population wanted to be governed by. For instance, the population of Eastern Upper Silesia voted to leave Germany and become part of Poland instead.)
8. [1] Plebiscites were held after 1918 in areas of uncertain nationality.
9. [1] To deal with lands which had been taken away from Germany and her Allies.
10. [1] They were to give the population an opportunity to decide which country the populations wished to be governed by.
11. [1] Plebiscites could be held to resolve disputed territory.
12. [1] A plebiscite would decide whether the Saar should go to Germany, France or remain under League control.
13. [10] Level 5 Explains with evaluation of 'how far' (As Level 4 plus evaluation.)
14. [9] Level 4 Explanation of both sides (A L4 answer will have a minimum of three explanations (2 on one side; 1 on the other). This will be worth a mark of 7. Fuller explanation of one issue to be given two marks. An answer which only has one explanation on one side of the argument cannot be awarded more than 8.)
15. [6] Level 3 One-sided explanation OR one explanation of both sides (More detailed explanation of one issue to be given two marks.)
16. [3] Clemenceau achieved some of his aims because he wanted to ensure that France was not attacked by Germany again. The terms of the treaty made Germany economically and militarily weak and this meant Germany would not be able to attack France. The Rhineland was demilitarised which also pleased Clemenceau as this land was on the border of France and it had to stay free of troops and fortifications.
17. [3] However, Clemenceau was still concerned that Germany would eventually recover its strength. To address this possibility, he wanted a Treaty of Guarantee with the US and Britain so that they would promise to come to France's aid should Germany ever attack again. He did not get agreement for this treaty and still felt that some of France's borders, especially in the east, were vulnerable.
18. [3] Level 2 Identifies AND/OR describes (One mark for each point)
19. [1] Clemenceau wanted security for France in the future.
20. [1] Clemenceau wanted to weaken Germany's armed forces.
21. [1] Clemenceau wanted to weaken Germany's economy.
22. [1] The Treaty weakened Germany.
23. [1] France's eastern borders were still vulnerable.
24. [1] The Allies would not guarantee to support France if Germany recovered and attacked again.
25. [1] He wanted more reparations.