The Allied war effort was supported by many different countries.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2024). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] Japan seized German possessions in the Pacific and East Asia.
2. [1] It destroyed the German navy in Chinese waters.
3. [1] Japan helped suppress a mutiny by Indian troops against Britain.
4. [1] It captured the German base at Qingdao in northern China.
5. [1] Japan was important in winning control of the sea lanes in the Pacific and Indian Ocean.
6. [1] The Japanese navy helped secure the sea route between the Suez Canal and Marseilles.
7. [1] The Japanese navy escorted and protected Allied ships and sailors in the Mediterranean.
8. [6] (Level 4) The Arab Revolt took place because of Arab nationalism. This had become strong because of the centralising developments in the Ottoman Empire as a result of the Young Turk Revolution. They wanted to see the Turks as the dominating force in the Empire. This caused the Arabs to demand reforms. In 1913, they demanded greater autonomy at the First Arab Congress.
9. [5] (Level 3) The Arab Revolt took place because of Arab nationalism, which had grown strong due to the centralizing policies of the Ottoman Empire under the Young Turks, leading Arabs to demand reforms and greater autonomy at the First Arab Congress in 1913.
10. [1] (Level 2) The British thought it would help bring the Ottoman Empire down.
11. [1] (Level 2) It was based on an agreement between the British and the Arabs.
12. [1] (Level 2) To create a unified Arab state.
13. [1] (Level 2) To break away from Ottoman control.
14. [1] (Level 2) To encourage Arab nationalism.
15. [1] (Level 2) The leadership of Hussein bin Ali.
16. [1] (Level 1) The Arab Revolt involved Lawrence of Arabia who led a lot of the fighting. The Arabs fought on the same side as the Allies.
17. [10] (Level 5) Although it can be argued that the British and French armies made the main contribution and that it was the arrival of the Americans in 1917 that was crucial, it is true that the British army was not large enough to meet all its commitments in the war. This is why the Empire troops were so important. They provided crucial support on the Western Front, and their contributions in Africa and the Middle East were crucial and led to important victories. Their contribution also meant that more British troops could be used on the Western Front.
18. [6] (Level 3) It was very important. African troops, as well as Indian troops, played an important part in defeating the Germans in West Africa and in containing the Germans in East Africa. Most of the soldiers there were African because they were used to the conditions which Europeans struggled with. It also meant that more European troops could be kept for the fighting in Europe. Canadian troops played an important part on the Western Front, especially in the Hundred Days Offensive of 1918 which was the crucial offensive that ended the war. They led many of the Allies' attacks.
19. [6] (Level 3) Though a significant factor in the Allied war effort, the contribution of troops from the Empire was considerable but limited in some respects. The most important front during World War One was the Western Front. Most of the fighting there was conducted by British and French troops, though with substantial support from troops from the Empire. The fighting in West and East Africa, in which African and Indian troops took part, though effective in defeating the Germans in Africa, took place in a theatre of war which was not as crucial to the war's ultimate outcome as the struggle on the Western Front. Here it was the introduction of American troops that allowed the Allies to make their important breakthrough.
20. [1] (Level 2) The British Empire sent about 4 million troops to fight in the war.
21. [1] (Level 2) The Canadians were very important in the Allied offensive at the end of the war.
22. [1] (Level 2) The Australians fought in the Middle East where they helped capture Gaza and Jerusalem.
23. [1] (Level 2) South African troops fought at the Somme.
24. [1] (Level 2) Indian troops made important contributions in Palestine and in East Africa.
25. [1] (Level 2) 140 000 Indian troops fought on the Western Front.
26. [1] (Level 2) It was a world war and Empire troops did a lot of the fighting all around the world.
27. [1] (Level 2) The British and French did most of the fighting on the Western Front.
28. [1] (Level 2) The arrival of the Americans on the Western Front was crucial.
29. [1] (Level 1) Troops from all parts of the Empire fought against Germany. There were troops from Australia, New Zealand, India, Africa and the West Indies.