The Treaty of Versailles had important consequences for Germany.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2024). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] Upper Silesia.
2. [1] West Prussia, Posen, Polish Corridor.
3. [1] Memel.
4. [1] Danzig.
5. [1] North Schleswig.
6. [1] Alsace-Lorraine.
7. [1] Saarland.
8. [1] Eupen, Malmedy, Moresnet.
9. [1] Hultschin.
10. [1] Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania.
11. [1] Overseas colonies.
12. [6] (Level 4) Lloyd George was suspicious of Wilson's Fourteen Points because one of his main concerns was protecting the British Empire. He wanted to treat Germany more harshly than suggested in the Fourteen Points. He wanted the German navy to be destroyed and Germany's colonies to be taken away. This was so that they could not be a threat to the British Empire.
13. [6] (Level 4) Clemenceau was suspicious of Wilson's Fourteen Points because France had suffered greatly in the war and he wanted to ensure Germany could never threaten France again. He sought harsh reparations, the return of Alsace-Lorraine, control over the Rhineland, and the disbandment of the German army, going beyond Wilson's more lenient proposals.
14. [5] (Level 3) Lloyd George was suspicious of Wilson's Fourteen Points because he wanted to protect the British Empire, destroy the German navy, and take away Germany's colonies to prevent future threats.
15. [5] (Level 3) Clemenceau was suspicious of Wilson's Fourteen Points because he wanted to punish Germany severely and ensure France's security, demanding harsh reparations and territorial changes beyond what Wilson proposed.
16. [1] (Level 2) Lloyd George and Clemenceau were more interested in the self-interest of their own countries.
17. [1] (Level 2) Lloyd George was not keen on self-determination because of the British Empire.
18. [1] (Level 2) Lloyd George wanted Germany to be punished harshly over its navy and colonies.
19. [1] (Level 2) Lloyd George wanted Germany's colonies.
20. [1] (Level 2) Lloyd George was not keen on the idea of freedom of the seas.
21. [1] (Level 2) Lloyd George wanted reparations to be added to the Fourteen Points.
22. [1] (Level 2) Lloyd George did not want complete disarmament because of the British navy.
23. [1] (Level 2) Clemenceau was not keen on self-determination, for example, his demands over the Rhineland.
24. [1] (Level 2) Clemenceau wanted German colonies handed over to France.
25. [1] (Level 2) Clemenceau wanted Germany punished more harshly than suggested in the Fourteen Points.
26. [1] (Level 2) Clemenceau did not want complete disarmament because he wanted France to be able to defend itself.
27. [1] (Level 2) The Fourteen Points were based on ideals, but Lloyd George and Clemenceau had to deal with practicalities.
28. [1] (Level 1) The Fourteen Points were designed to stop a war in the future.
29. [10] (Level 5) The economic consequences were very serious. Many people ended up in poverty and others lost all their savings. However, the political consequences of the treaty were worse. This was because events like the Kapp Putsch and the Munich Putsch actually threatened the Weimar Republic and the former nearly brought it down, especially when the army refused to save the government. This is why the political consequences mattered more.
30. [6] (Level 3) The economic consequences were more important. Germany had to pay enormous reparations and in 1922 it did not pay anything. France and Belgium went into the Ruhr and took what they were owed. The German workers went on strike but this meant that Germany was not earning any money. Instead, the government printed money leading to hyperinflation. Money became worthless and prices went up. People's savings were wiped out and many people were destitute.
31. [6] (Level 3) The political consequences were very bad. Many people in Germany blamed the harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles on the Weimar Republic and the government. Many ex-soldiers joined the Freikorps led by Kapp. In 1920, they tried to bring down the government through a coup in Berlin. The army refused to defend the government. It looked as if the Weimar Republic would fail, but the coup was defeated by a general strike by German workers. However, threats to the Weimar Republic from extreme right-wing groups remained.
32. [1] (Level 2) There was unemployment, poverty and homelessness.
33. [1] (Level 2) Germany lost important industrial areas like the Saar.
34. [1] (Level 2) Germany had to pay huge reparations.
35. [1] (Level 2) Germany did not pay the reparations.
36. [1] (Level 2) France and Belgium sent troops into the Ruhr.
37. [1] (Level 2) Printing of money led to hyperinflation.
38. [1] (Level 2) Right-wing groups hated the Weimar Republic.
39. [1] (Level 2) The Kapp Putsch.
40. [1] (Level 2) Political assassinations were frequent.
41. [1] (Level 2) The German army refused to support the government.
42. [1] (Level 2) The Munich Putsch.
43. [1] (Level 2) Germans blamed the government for the Treaty of Versailles.
44. [1] (Level 2) In November 1923, Stresemann introduced the Rentenmark.
45. [1] (Level 1) People in Germany had a terrible time after the Treaty of Versailles. Its terms were harsh and made life very difficult. There were both economic and political problems for the Germans to solve.