Study Source C.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2023). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [8] Level 6 Explains it is useful because it shows the methods the Nazis used to create the impression they were welcomed by Austrians.
2. [6-7] Level 5 Uses contextual knowledge or cross reference to confirm/question the photograph being useful e.g., Source B says pictures of such crowds are misleading.
3. [5] Level 4 Suggests the photo looks to be staged by Nazis, therefore not useful. There must be some explanation as to why this would be done, otherwise Level 3.
4. [3-4] Level 3 Uncritical use of content of source as evidence about Anschluss e.g., It is useful because it shows girls welcoming the Germans OR Not useful because of a general qualification e.g., it does not show opponents to Anschluss or other groups in Austria, those in the photo are young and impressionable. Must do both for 4 marks.
5. [2] Level 2 Undeveloped use of provenance to reject/accept the source e.g., a photo from the time OR uses source detail uncritically (no inferences) e.g., It shows lots of people holding flags OR interprets source but does not address useful.
6. [1] Level 1 Unsupported assertions or writes about the source but fails to get to grips with the question.
7. [0] Level 0 No evidence submitted or response does not address the question.
8. [1] Source C is a photograph of Austrians as the German army entered Vienna on 14 March 1938. It shows a crowd, including young women, enthusiastically greeting German soldiers, many holding swastika flags.
9. [1] It is useful as evidence of the visible public support for the Anschluss in Vienna at that moment.
10. [1] The photo captures the celebratory atmosphere and the presence of Nazi symbolism.
11. [1] It can be used to understand the visual propaganda the Nazis would have wanted to project to the world.
12. [1] However, its usefulness is limited because it may have been staged or selectively photographed to create an impression of overwhelming support.
13. [1] Source B states that newsreels showing enthusiastic crowds were 'misleading' and questioned who filmed those 'silently weeping at home'. This suggests photos like C may not represent the full reality.
14. [1] It does not show dissenters or those who opposed the Anschluss, only a particular segment of the population (young and impressionable).
15. [1] The photograph doesn't reveal the reasons for the enthusiasm – genuine support, fear, or bandwagon effect.
16. [1] Therefore, it is useful for understanding Nazi propaganda and the facade of support, but less useful for gauging genuine, widespread Austrian sentiment.