The number of Palestinian refugees has increased over the years.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2023). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] In 1970 the PFLP hijacked airliners and landed them at Dawson's Field in Jordan. The planes were blown up.
2. [1] In 1971 the Jordanian Prime Minister was assassinated by Black September.
3. [1] In 1972 Black September kidnapped Israeli athletes at the Olympic Games in Munich. The hostages were killed.
4. [1] In 1972 Black September hijacked a German plane and wanted fellow terrorists to be released.
5. [1] In 1976 a French plane was hijacked and flown to Uganda. They wanted Palestinian prisoners to be released. The hijackers were killed by Israeli forces.
6. [1] After the 1948–9 war Arabs were expelled by the Israelis.
7. [1] After the 1948–9 war Arab leaders encouraged a mass exodus to gain support for their cause.
8. [1] After the 1967 war more Palestinians had to flee because Israel gained Gaza, the West Bank and East Jerusalem. This created more refugees.
9. [4-5] Explanation: Wars like 1948-49 and 1967 forced hundreds of thousands of Palestinians to flee their homes due to terror from Jewish organizations or loss of land, leading to their displacement and becoming refugees.
10. [1] In 1948 the United Nations Relief for Palestinian Refugees was set up.
11. [1] In 1948 the UN passed a resolution for Palestinians to be allowed to return home.
12. [1] In 1949 it set up UNRWA to provide work for the Palestinian refugees.
13. [1] They built the first refugee camps in 1950.
14. [1] The UN camps set up in 1950 provided education, health care and help with farming.
15. [1] The UN built more camps after the 1967 war.
16. [1] The UN still funds refugee camps across the Arab nations.
17. [1] The UN provides formal identification for all Palestinian refugees.
18. [1] Some Arab states wanted to keep the refugee issue alive as a propaganda weapon.
19. [1] Arab states have done little to support the refugee camps.
20. [1] PLO terrorism turned many countries against the Palestinian cause.
21. [4-6] Argument against little help: The UN established UNRWA in 1949, providing extensive aid through 68 camps in Jordan, Lebanon, West Bank, and Gaza Strip. This includes education for over 500,000 children, food, healthcare, shelter, and sanitation.
22. [4-6] Argument for little help: Arab states provided limited support, sometimes using refugees for propaganda and failing to fully fund UNRWA. PLO terrorism also alienated international support, hindering the Palestinian cause and aid efforts.