Roosevelt's New Deals dominated America during the 1930s.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2023). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] He was a Democrat politician who had been Governor of Louisiana.
2. [1] In Louisiana he had taxed big business and used the money to help the poor.
3. [1] At first, he supported the New Deal.
4. [1] He criticised the New Deal for not doing enough for the poor.
5. [1] He wanted to take money from the very rich and share it between all Americans.
6. [1] He wanted pensions for everyone over 60.
7. [1] He wanted to redistribute wealth.
8. [1] He had a 'Share our Wealth' scheme.
9. [1] He believed in free education and minimum wages.
10. [1] He was assassinated in 1935.
11. [1] The Supreme Court was dominated by Republicans who opposed the New Deal.
12. [1] The Court thought that the National Recovery Administration was unconstitutional.
13. [1] The Court thought that the Agricultural Adjustment Administration was unconstitutional.
14. [1] The Court thought the New Deal was undermining the power of local states.
15. [1] The Court thought that the New Deal was undermining the authority of individual states.
16. [4-5] Explanation: The Supreme Court opposed parts of the New Deal, like the NRA, believing they unconstitutionally interfered with states' rights and local authority by allowing the federal government to prosecute companies for local business practices.
17. [1] The Second New Deal helped old and disabled people.
18. [1] The Second New Deal gave old people pensions.
19. [1] The Second New Deal helped tenant farmers to buy their farms.
20. [1] The Second New Deal introduced unemployment insurance for workers.
21. [1] The First New Deal provided millions of jobs.
22. [1] The First New Deal helped farmers.
23. [1] The First New Deal rescued many banks.
24. [4-6] Argument for Second New Deal having more impact: It addressed long-term social welfare by providing pensions for the elderly, assistance for the sick/disabled, and unemployment insurance, profoundly affecting daily lives. It also empowered workers by recognizing trade unions.
25. [4-6] Argument against Second New Deal having more impact: The First New Deal created millions of jobs through public works and rescued banks. It also significantly helped farmers by reducing production to raise prices, directly impacting their lives and stabilizing the economy during the crisis.